Summary
Quick facts
- Strong’s Number
- H4134
- Original Word
- מוּךְ
- Transliteration
- mûwk
- Pronunciation
- mook
- Part of Speech
- verb-stem
- Root / Etymology
- a primitive root;
- Frequency
- 5×
- Gematria
- 66
Where it appears
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Definition
Strong 1890to become thin, i.e. (figuratively) be impoverished
be (waxen) poor(-er).
a primitive root;

Commentary
Contributors: · · · ·
The Fading Hand That Holds the Seed
There is a word in the Holy Tongue that sounds like the sigh of a man who has lost everything—mûwk. It appears only five times in all of Scripture, a rare and delicate word that describes not a sudden catastrophe but a slow fading, a thinning of substance until the fingers can no longer grip what once was held. The ancient sages observed that this word carries the sound of something dissolving, like salt melting into tears. When the Holy One speaks through Moses in Leviticus 25:25, He says, “If thy brother be waxen poor” — this is mûwk in action. It is not the poverty of the lazy or the wicked. It is the poverty that comes upon a man like a slow tide, eroding the shoreline of his inheritance until he must sell the land his fathers gave him. The root of this verb is primal, a primitive root that carries the image of something becoming thin, transparent, almost invisible. To be mûwk is to be diminished not by violence but by the quiet wearing away of days.
The Divine Action Pattern: The Lord Who Makes Poor
In the economy of heaven, the verb mûwk appears in the Qal stem in Leviticus 25 — the simple, active form. Yet the One who first speaks this word into being is not the impoverished man but the God who gives and takes away. Jewish tradition holds that the first time a word appears in Scripture, it carries the seed of its entire meaning. Here, the Lord Himself describes the condition of the brother who has become poor, and immediately He provides the remedy: the kinsman-redeemer. The rabbis of old saw in this pattern a divine rhythm — God does not create poverty to abandon the poor, but to reveal the glory of redemption. When the Lord allows a man to become mûwk, it is so that another may step forward and restore what was lost. The contrast between God’s action and man’s condition is profound: God never experiences mûwk, for He is the fullness that cannot thin. Yet He permits His children to know this fading so they may learn the meaning of being restored.
The Covenant Context: Poverty as a Signpost
The book of Leviticus is the scroll of the tabernacle, the dwelling place of the Holy One among His people. Within this sacred geography, mûwk appears as a marker of covenant failure and covenant mercy. In Leviticus 25:25, the impoverished brother has sold his possession — the land that was his portion from the Lord. The land itself is the covenant promise, the gift of rest and inheritance. To become mûwk is to lose grip on the promise, to let the inheritance slip through thinning fingers. The sages teach that this poverty is not merely economic but spiritual: when a man forgets the Lord who gave him the land, his soul begins to thin like a garment worn too long. Yet the same verse that announces the poverty also announces the redemption: “if any of his kin come to redeem it.” The covenant is not broken by poverty; it is fulfilled by the redeemer who draws near. In Leviticus 25:35, the word appears again: “If thy brother be waxen poor, and his hand fail with thee.” The failing hand — this is mûwk made visible, a hand that can no longer work, no longer give, no longer hold.
The Letters of Thinning: A Paleo-Hebrew Meditation
Let us gaze upon the letters of mûwk as they were written in the ancient script, when each character was a picture. The first letter is mem, the waters — chaos and life, the deep from which creation sprang. The second is vav, the hook or nail that connects heaven and earth. The third is kaph, the open palm of a hand. Together, these three letters whisper a mystery: the waters of life are poured out, the connecting nail is withdrawn, and the hand opens not to receive but to release. The gematria of this word is 66, a number that appears in Scripture as the count of those who went down into Egypt with Jacob — seventy souls in total, but 66 who came from his loins (Genesis 46:26). The number 66 speaks of a people descending into a land of famine, where they would become thin, impoverished, slaves. Yet from that descent came the exodus, the redemption, the bringing up out of the iron furnace. The rabbis of old observed that 66 is also the number of the word keli, meaning vessel — a container that can be emptied or filled. To be mûwk is to be an emptied vessel, waiting for the hand of the Redeemer to fill it again.
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The Kinsman-Redeemer: Yeshua and the Faded Inheritance
Now lift your eyes from the Torah to the Gospels, and you will see the pattern of mûwk fulfilled in the Messiah. In Luke 15, the younger son takes his inheritance and travels to a far country, where he spends everything and becomes — in the language of the Greek text — husterētheis, meaning to come behind, to lack, to be diminished. This is the Greek echo of mûwk. The son becomes thin, his substance fades, his hand fails. He hires himself to a citizen of that country and feeds pigs, longing to fill his belly with the pods the swine eat. This is the full journey of mûwk — from inheritance to emptiness. But the father sees him while he is still far off, and runs to him. The father does not wait for the son to become thick again, to regain his substance. He embraces the thinning, the fading, the poverty itself, and clothes the son with the best robe. Yeshua told this parable to show that the Father’s heart is the Kinsman-Redeemer of every soul that has become mûwk. In His own life, Yeshua Himself knew this thinning: He who was rich became poor for your sake, that through His poverty you might become rich (2 Corinthians 8:9). On the cross, His hand failed, His body thinned, His inheritance was sold — and in that moment, He became the Redeemer who buys back what was lost.
The Year of Jubilee: When the Poor Become Rich
Leviticus 25 does not leave the poor man in his poverty. The chapter pulses with the rhythm of the Jubilee, the fiftieth year when every man returns to his possession and to his family. The word mûwk appears in the context of this great restoration: the brother who has become poor sells his land, but the kinsman redeems it, and if no kinsman redeems it, the land returns in the Jubilee. The rabbis of old saw in this a picture of the age to come, when all debts are forgiven, all captives are freed, and every inheritance is restored. The early church understood that Yeshua inaugurated this Jubilee when He stood in the synagogue of Nazareth and read from Isaiah 61: “The Spirit of the Lord is upon me, because He hath anointed me to preach the gospel to the poor” (Luke 4:18). The poor — those who have become mûwk — are the first to hear the good news. The Jubilee does not erase the poverty; it reverses it. The thinning is overcome by the fullness of the Redeemer’s abundance. In the Tabernacle, the mercy seat was made of pure gold, but it rested upon a box of acacia wood — common, thin, perishable material covered by glory. So too, your poverty is covered by the mercy of the One who sits enthroned between the cherubim.
The Call to the Faded Heart
You who read these words — perhaps your hand has grown thin. Perhaps you have sold some portion of your inheritance, given away what your fathers entrusted to you, watched the substance of your soul fade like a garment eaten by moths. The word mûwk is not a judgment against you; it is a description of your condition, and it is the doorway to redemption. The Holy One does not despise the thinning of your spirit; He draws near to it. The Kinsman-Redeemer has come, and He is not ashamed to call you brother. Let go of the shame that clings to your poverty. Open the hand that has become thin, and let the Redeemer place in it the seed of a new inheritance. The land will be restored. The Jubilee is at hand. Do not hide your faded hand from the One who stretched out His own hands to be pierced for you. Rise, and return to your possession — for the mercy of the Lord is thicker than your thinnest hour, and His redemption reaches even to the dust.