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G4051 (περίσσευμα)

Summary

Quick facts

Strong’s Number: G4051
Original Word: περίσσευμα
Transliteration: perísseuma
Pronunciation: per-is'-syoo-mah
Part of Speech: noun
Root / Etymology: from G4052 (περισσεύω);
Frequency: 5×
Gematria: 1041

Where it appears

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Definition

Strong 1890 a surplus, or superabundance

abundancethat was leftover and above

from G4052 (περισσεύω);

Commentary

Contributors:

Strong's G4051: A noun derived from περισσεύω (perisseuō), meaning abundance or surplus. Denotes that which is left over, an overflow, or superfluity. In biblical context, often refers to spiritual abundance or the overflow of what fills the heart, emphasizing both quantity and quality of excess.

U- Unveiling the Word

Περίσσευμα (perisseuma) embodies the concept of abundance that exceeds normal requirements or expectations. Its primary meaning centers on surplus or overflow, while secondary meanings include excess, abundance, and fullness. The word carries theological significance in expressing both material and spiritual abundance. In early church usage, it often portrayed God's overflowing grace and the resulting abundance in believers' lives. The concept remains relevant today as it speaks to God's abundant provision and the overflow of His presence in believers' lives, challenging modern Christians to live from a place of divine surplus rather than scarcity.

N - Necessary Information

Greek Word: περίσσευμα, perisseuma, per-is'-syoo-mah
Detailed pronunciation: per (as in "pair") + is (as in "is") + syoo (as in "sue") + mah (as in "ma")
Part of Speech: Noun

Etymology:

περισσεύω (perisseuō) - verb meaning "to exceed, abound"
-μα (-ma) suffix - indicates result of action
The suffix -μα transforms the verbal concept into a concrete noun representing the result or product of the abundance.

D - Defining Meanings

Surplus, overflow
Abundance beyond necessity
That which remains or is left over
Fullness that results in overflow

For compound words:
Base word περισσεύω indicates exceeding or abundance
Suffix -μα indicates the concrete result of the action

Translation Options:

Abundance - captures the fullness aspect
Overflow - emphasizes the dynamic nature
Surplus - highlights the "more than enough" concept

E - Exploring Similar Words

πλήρωμα (plērōma) [play-ro-ma] - fullness, but emphasizes completion
πλεόνασμα (pleonasma) [ple-on-as-ma] - increase, with emphasis on multiplication
περισσεία (perisseia) [per-is-si-a] - abundance, but more abstract

R - Reviewing the Word's Morphology

Noun Features:

Case: Nominative, Accusative, Genitive, Dative
Number: Singular, Plural
Gender: Neuter
Third Declension

Example morphological changes:
Nominative singular: περίσσευμα
Genitive singular: περισσεύματος
Dative plural: περισσεύμασι

Cross-references:

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Verb form: περισσεύω
Adjective form: περισσός

S - Studying Lexicon Insights

BDAG defines περίσσευμα as abundance or surplus, specifically what remains or is left over. Thayer's emphasizes the abundance aspect, particularly in relation to spiritual matters. LSJ provides classical usage examples highlighting material surplus. Vine's connects it to the overflow of the heart in Matthew 12:34. Strong's emphasizes the superabundance aspect. LEH and Moulton and Milligan provide additional contexts from Hellenistic usage, emphasizing both material and spiritual applications.

T - Tracing the Scriptures

First appearance:

"You brood of vipers! How can you speak good, when you are evil? For out of the abundance [περίσσευμα] of the heart the mouth speaks." (Matthew 12:34)

Additional References:
Mark 8:8
Luke 6:45
2 Corinthians 8:14

A - Analyzing Classical Usage

Author: Work	Text
Aristotle: Politics	"The surplus [περίσσευμα] of goods beyond what is necessary for basic needs creates the possibility for political life."
Plutarch: Moralia	"What remains [περίσσευμα] after the feast should be distributed to those in need."
Xenophon: Oeconomicus	"The abundance [περίσσευμα] of the harvest allowed for generous giving to neighbors."

N - Noteworthy Summary

Περίσσευμα represents more than mere surplus; it embodies God's principle of abundance in both material and spiritual realms. This word reveals that God's economy operates on overflow, not scarcity. The good news of King Jesus demonstrates that He came to give life abundantly, with περίσσευμα characterizing His provision for His people. This abundance flows from heart to actions, transforming both the recipient and those around them.

D - Did You Know?

The word appears in papyri documents regarding grain storage, showing its practical economic usage.
Early church fathers used περίσσευμα to describe the overwhelming nature of God's grace.
The concept influenced early Christian practices of sharing resources within communities.

Strong's G4051: A noun derived from περισσεύω (perisseuō), meaning abundance or surplus. Denotes that which is left over, overflow, or superfluity. In biblical context, often refers to spiritual abundance or the overflow of what fills the heart, emphasizing both quantity and quality of excess.

Part of speech: Noun

Tags: #abundance #overflow #surplus #wealth #provision #heart #speech #giving #grace #NewTestament #GreekGrammar #BiblicalGreek #Theology

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