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on oath, i.e. (falsely) a forswearer
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Commentary
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Introduction
In Biblical studies, understanding Greek words such as ἐπίορκος (epíorkos) is crucial for grasping the depth and nuances of ancient texts. This term is particularly significant as it deals with the concept of perjury or being false under oath. It provides insight into the moral and legal standards of ancient Greek society and its intersection with Biblical ethics, highlighting the gravity of truthfulness and the severe consequences of dishonesty.
Key Information
Primary Meanings
Similar Words: The word ψευδόμαρτυς (pseudómartys) [pseu-DOH-mar-tis] refers to "a false witness" and focuses on the act of providing false testimony, whereas ἐπίορκος is broader, describing someone who is generally untrustworthy under oath. ὄμνυμι (ómnūmi) [OHM-noo-mee] simply means "to swear" or "take an oath," without the negative connotation of breaking it.
Further Insights: ἐπίορκος is an adjective that follows the second declension pattern in Ancient Greek. Its use primarily describes someone who is guilty of perjury or breaking an oath. Below is the declension table for ἐπίορκος:
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Lexicon Insights
Related Scripture References
Classical Usage
Summary of ἐπίορκος (G1965)
The Greek word ἐπίορκος (epíorkos) describes someone who commits perjury or breaks an oath. Derived from ἐπί ("upon") and ὄρκος ("oath"), it conveys the gravity of perjury, both in ancient Greek culture and Biblical ethics. The word's consistent use in both classical literature and scripture underlines the critical importance placed on honesty and the sacredness of oaths, serving as a stern reminder of the moral, legal, and spiritual consequences of breaking one's word.
Did You Know?
In ancient Greece, being labeled as ἐπίορκος was not just a legal accusation but a serious social stigma. Oaths were often taken in the name of gods, and breaking them could invoke divine retribution. Thus, perjury was considered an offense against both human law and the divine order, making it one of the gravest moral breaches of the time.