Translations
F.O.G.MPrimary
F.O.G MessageGive to everyone what you owe them — taxes to whom taxes are due, revenue to whom revenue is due, respect to whom respect is due, honor to whom honor is due.
F.O.GSecondary
The F.O.GRender to all what is owed: tribute to whom tribute is due, customs to whom customs, fear to whom fear, honour to whom honour.
KJV
King James VersionRender therefore to all their dues: tribute to whom tribute is due; custom to whom custom; fear to whom fear; honour to whom honour.
BSB
Berean Standard BiblePay everyone what you owe him: taxes to whom taxes are due, revenue to whom revenue is due, respect to whom respect is due, honor to whom honor is due.
Footnotes
φόρος (phoros) was a direct tribute or land tax — the annual head-tax paid directly to Roman imperial coffers and widely despised as a symbol of subjugation. τέλος (telos) was an indirect levy: customs duties, tolls, and market charges collected at borders and city gates. Sha'ul distinguishes both forms carefully. The F.O.G preserves the economic distinction with "tribute" and "customs"; the F.O.G Message renders them "taxes" and "revenue" as accessible modern equivalents.
