Translations
F.O.G.MPrimary
F.O.G MessageThe sea gave up its dead, and Death and Hades gave up their dead, and each person was judged according to what they had done.
F.O.GSecondary
The F.O.GThe sea gave up the dead that were in it, and Death and Sh'ol gave up the dead that were in them, and each person was judged according to their deeds.
KJV
King James VersionAnd the sea gave up the dead which were in it; and death and hell delivered up the dead which were in them: and they were judged every man according to their works.
BSB
Berean Standard BibleThe sea gave up its dead, and Death and Hades gave up their dead, and each one was judged according to his deeds.
Footnotes
ᾅδης (Hadēs) is the Greek equivalent of the Hebrew שְׁאוֹל (Sheol) — the subterranean realm of the dead understood as a holding domain for all the deceased, not yet a place of punishment but of waiting; F.O.G renders "Sh'ol" to preserve the Hebrew conceptual world underlying the text, while F.O.G Message uses "Hades," the Greek term English has adopted. Crucially, this realm is distinct from the lake of fire (v.14) — Sheol/Hades is the temporary domain, the lake of fire the permanent second death. The sea is listed separately, likely reflecting ancient cosmological anxiety about the sea as a liminal space outside normal burial, but John insists no domain — not even the chaos-waters — can withhold any soul from standing before the throne.
