Translations
F.O.G.MPrimary
F.O.G Messagecinnamon and spice, incense and myrrh, frankincense and wine and olive oil, fine flour and wheat, cattle and sheep, horses and carriages — and the bodies and souls of human beings.
F.O.GSecondary
The F.O.Gcinnamon and spice, incense and myrrh, frankincense, wine and olive oil, fine flour and wheat, cattle and sheep, horses and chariots — and bodies, even the nepheshes of men.
KJV
King James VersionAnd cinnamon, and odours, and ointments, and frankincense, and wine, and oil, and fine flour, and wheat, and beasts, and sheep, and horses, and chariots, and slaves, and souls of men.
BSB
Berean Standard Bibleof cinnamon, spice, incense, myrrh, and frankincense; of wine, olive oil, fine flour, and wheat; of cattle, sheep, horses, and carriages; of bodies and souls of slaves.
Footnotes
The cargo list reaches its moral climax in sōmatōn kai psychas anthrōpōn — "bodies and souls of men." sōma (body) was the standard commercial term for a slave in Greek papyri of the period; its appearance here unmistakably identifies human trafficking as the apex of Babylon's economy. psychē (soul) then adds the full interior personhood — not merely a labouring body to be traded but a life, a self, a being made in the image of God. The FOG renders it "bodies, even the nepheshes of men," using the Hebrew term nephesh — which encompasses throat, life, breath, and full personal being — to preserve the layered depth of the Greek and to frame Babylon's commerce as the ultimate assault on the imago Dei. The FOG Message "the bodies and souls of human beings" makes the moral horror immediately audible to modern ears.
