Translations
F.O.G.MPrimary
F.O.G MessageIt also compels everyone — the small and the great, the rich and the poor, the free and the enslaved — to receive a mark on their right hand or upon their forehead,
F.O.GSecondary
The F.O.GIt also compels everyone — the small and the great, the rich and the poor, the free and the enslaved — to be given a mark on their right hand or on their forehead,
KJV
King James VersionAnd he causeth all, both small and great, rich and poor, free and bond, to receive a mark in their right hand, or in their foreheads:
BSB
Berean Standard BibleAnd the second beast required all people, small and great, rich and poor, free and slave, to receive a mark on their right hand or on their forehead,
Footnotes
χάραγμα (charagma, "mark/brand/stamp") was used in the Greco-Roman world for the imperial seal on commercial documents, brands on slaves and soldiers, and the emperor's image on coins required for trade. It stands in direct contrast to the seal of God on His servants in Rev 7:3 and the divine Name on the foreheads of the redeemed in Rev 22:4. The placement on the right hand or forehead is a deliberate anti-typological inversion of the tefillin command in Deut 6:8 and 11:18 — where Torah is bound on the hand and between the eyes as a sign of covenant loyalty to YHWH.
