Translations
F.O.G.MPrimary
F.O.G MessageAt Your rebuke, God of Jacob, both chariot and horse were cast into a death-like stupor.
F.O.GSecondary
The F.O.GAt Your rebuke, Elohim of Ya'aqov, both chariot and horse lay stunned.
KJV
King James VersionAt thy rebuke, O God of Jacob, both the chariot and horse are cast into a dead sleep.
BSB
Berean Standard BibleAt Your rebuke, O God of Jacob, both horse and rider lie stunned.
Footnotes
*Nirdam* (נִרְדָּם) is from *radam* (רָדַם) — a deep, overpowering, divinely induced sleep: the same root used of Jonah unconscious in the storm (Jon. 1:5) and of Adam's deep sleep in Eden (Gen. 2:21). It is not mere daze but a suspension of all human agency. The reversal is total and ironic: the chariot-and-cavalry combination, representing the apex of ancient military technology, is rendered helpless by a single divine word. The title 'Elohim of Ya'aqov' grounds cosmic power in covenant particularity — this is the God who made promises to a family. FOG uses 'stunned'; FOG Message unpacks *radam* with 'death-like stupor.'