Translations
Against You — You alone — have I sinned and done what is evil in Your sight; so You are justified when You speak and beyond reproach when You render judgment.
Against You—You alone —have I sinned, and what is evil in Your eyes I have done; so that You are proved right when You speak,and blameless when You judge.
Against thee, thee only, have I sinned, and done this evil in thy sight: that thou mightest be justified when thou speakest, and be clear when thou judgest.
Against You, You only, have I sinned and done what is evil in Your sight, so that You may be proved right when You speak and blameless when You judge.
Footnotes
The phrase *lecha levadcha* (to You, to You alone) is not a denial that David wronged Uriah and Bathsheba — the narrative makes that impossible to miss. It is a recognition that ultimately all sin is cosmic treason against the Creator-King; human victims are real, but the primary rupture is with YHWH Himself. The second half of the verse is quoted verbatim by Sha'ul in Romans 3:4 (via the Greek Septuagint), where David's personal confession becomes the theological cornerstone for God's righteousness in judging all humanity. FOG renders *titzdak* as 'proved right' to emphasise the forensic vindication embedded in the verb *tsadaq*; FOG Message uses 'justified' to preserve the Pauline resonance that centuries of readers have found in this line.
