Translations
F.O.G.MPrimary
F.O.G MessageFor the choir director. A Psalm of David. The skies declare the glory of God, and the great dome above proclaims the work of His hands.
F.O.GSecondary
The F.O.GTo the Director of Music. A Mizmor of David. The skies are declaring the glory of El, and the dome proclaims the work of His hands.
KJV
King James VersionTo the chief Musician, A Psalm of David. The heavens declare the glory of God; and the firmament sheweth his handywork.
BSB
Berean Standard BibleFor the choirmaster. A Psalm of David. The heavens declare the glory of God; the skies proclaim the work of His hands.
Footnotes
The superscription *lamnatseach* (לַמְנַצֵּחַ — "to the director/choirmaster") heads over half the Psalms and indicates liturgical or musical performance. *Mizmor* (מִזְמוֹר) specifically denotes a song accompanied by instruments — not simply a poem. The Hebrew *shamayim* is rendered "skies" rather than "heavens" to preserve its physical, cosmological weight: the visible, solid-seeming upper world of ancient Near Eastern cosmology. *Raqia* (רָקִיעַ) — here "dome" — denotes the beaten-out, hammered expanse of the sky, consistent with ANE cosmological imagery (cf. Gen. 1:6–8), not a vague "expanse." FOG preserves these concrete, physical images; FOG Message draws out their theological enormity.
