Translations
F.O.G.MPrimary
F.O.G Messageso that at the name of Jesus every knee should bow—in heaven, on earth, and under the earth—
F.O.GSecondary
The F.O.Gso that at the name of Yeshua every knee should bow—of those in the skies above, of those on the earth, and of those under the earth—
KJV
King James VersionThat at the name of Jesus every knee should bow, of things in heaven, and things in earth, and things under the earth;
BSB
Berean Standard Biblethat at the name of Jesus every knee should bow, in heaven and on earth and under the earth,
Footnotes
This is a direct citation of Isaiah 45:23 (LXX), where YHWH declares universal sovereignty over all creation—now applied to Yeshua, the most radical Christological move in the letter. ἐπουρανίων καὶ ἐπιγείων καὶ καταχθονίων reflects the three-tier ancient cosmology: the celestial realm above the sky-dome, the earthly realm, and the underworld. F.O.G renders ἐπουρανίων as "skies above" (consistent with its policy of treating οὐρανός as the material sky-dome of ancient cosmology); F.O.G Message retains "heaven" for its theological resonance and the intertextual force of the Isaiah echo.
