Translations
F.O.G.MPrimary
F.O.G MessageThe dead tremble in the depths beneath the waters — all the shades in their hidden realm.
F.O.GSecondary
The F.O.GThe Rephaim writhe beneath the waters — and all who dwell in them.
KJV
King James VersionDead things are formed from under the waters, and the inhabitants thereof.
BSB
Berean Standard BibleThe dead tremble—those beneath the waters and those who dwell in them.
Footnotes
The *Rephaim* (רְפָאִים) are the shades of the dead — in Canaanite texts, the deified spirits of royal ancestors dwelling in the underworld. Their location 'beneath the waters' reflects ancient cosmology: the underworld lay beneath subterranean seas. Even the dead, in their watery abyss, writhe and convulse (*yecholelu* — shudder, tremble) before YHWH. The point is staggering: YHWH's dominion penetrates into the realm of death itself. FOG retains the Hebrew term for cultural texture; FOG Message renders it thematically as 'the dead... the shades.'