Translations
F.O.G.MPrimary
F.O.G MessageFor he crushed the poor and abandoned them; he seized houses he never built.
F.O.GSecondary
The F.O.GFor he has crushed and forsaken the poor; he has seized a house he did not build.
KJV
King James VersionBecause he hath oppressed and hath forsaken the poor; because he hath violently taken away an house which he builded not;
BSB
Berean Standard BibleFor he has oppressed and forsaken the poor; he has seized houses he did not build.
Footnotes
*Ritzatz* (crushed/shattered) is a violent word — not merely economic exploitation but physical oppression. *Azav* (forsook/abandoned) adds the dimension of desertion: the poor were both crushed and left helpless. *Dallim* — the thin, economically depleted ones — are the most vulnerable class. *Gazal* (seized violently) and 'a house he did not build' recalls the covenant curses of Deut. 28:30 ('you shall build a house, but not live in it') now ironically inverted: he *lives* in a house he did not build, and will be driven out of it. This verse is the moral hinge of Zophar's entire speech.