Translations
F.O.G.MPrimary
F.O.G MessageHe devastated their widows and laid waste their cities; the land and all it held fell silent at the sound of his roar.
F.O.GSecondary
The F.O.GHe ravaged their widows and laid waste their cities; the land and all its fullness was desolated at the sound of his roaring.
KJV
King James VersionAnd he knew their desolate palaces, and he laid waste their cities; and the land was desolate, and the fulness thereof, by the noise of his roaring.
BSB
Berean Standard BibleHe broke down their strongholds and devastated their cities. The land and everything in it shuddered at the sound of his roaring.
Footnotes
The phrase *vayyeda almnotav* (וַיֵּדַע אַלְמְנוֹתָיו) is one of the most contested in this chapter. The MT reads 'he knew their widows,' with *yada* (יָדַע) carrying possible connotations of sexual violation as an act of conquest. Many scholars emend to *armnotav* (אַרְמְנוֹתָיו), 'their palaces/citadels,' which the context of city-destruction supports. The LXX preserves 'widows,' suggesting the difficulty was ancient. FOG renders 'ravaged their widows' to honour the MT's moral weight; FOG Message reads 'devastated their widows,' retaining the ethical force while allowing the broader reading.
