Translations
F.O.G.MPrimary
F.O.G MessageAnd so David reigned over all Israel, administering justice and righteousness to all his people.
F.O.GSecondary
The F.O.GSo Dawid reigned over all Yisra'el, and Dawid executed justice and righteousness for all his people.
KJV
King James VersionAnd David reigned over all Israel; and David executed judgment and justice unto all his people.
BSB
Berean Standard BibleThus David reigned over all Israel and administered justice and righteousness for all his people:
Footnotes
*Mishpat u'tzedakah* ("justice and righteousness") is one of the great covenant word-pairs of the Hebrew Bible, appearing in the Psalms, prophets, and wisdom literature as the hallmark of God's own character and the standard He demands of His king (cf. Ps. 89:14; Isa. 9:7; Jer. 23:5). Here it is the summary of David's domestic governance — the inner face of a reign whose outer face is conquest. The pairing anticipates the Messianic king who will execute justice and righteousness without end. Both versions preserve the full pair rather than collapsing it into a single concept like "fairness" or "equity," which would flatten what the Hebrew holds together.
