Translations
F.O.G.MPrimary
F.O.G MessageHe built towns throughout the hill country of Judah and erected fortresses and watchtowers in the forested regions.
F.O.GSecondary
The F.O.GHe built towns in the hill country of Yehudah, and in the forests he built citadels and towers.
KJV
King James VersionMoreover he built cities in the mountains of Judah, and in the forests he built castles and towers.
BSB
Berean Standard BibleHe also built cities in the hill country of Judah and fortresses and towers in the forests.
Footnotes
The word *biraniyyot* (בִּירָנִיּוֹת), rendered 'citadels' (FOG) and 'fortresses' (FOG Message), refers to fortified strongholds or palace-forts—distinct from simple watchtowers (*migdalim*, מִגְדָּלִים). The pairing suggests a layered defensive strategy: permanent administrative centres in forested terrain that would be difficult to attack. The Chronicler's attention to building projects consistently signals a king's covenantal confidence—security flows from faithfulness, not merely from military engineering.
