Translations
F.O.G.MPrimary
F.O.G MessageSo Jonathan made a covenant with the house of David, calling down Yahweh's judgment on all of David's enemies.
F.O.GSecondary
The F.O.GSo Yonatan cut a covenant with the house of David, saying, 'May YHWH require it at the hand of David's enemies.'
KJV
King James VersionSo Jonathan made a covenant with the house of David, saying, Let the LORD even require it at the hand of David's enemies.
BSB
Berean Standard BibleSo Jonathan made a covenant with the house of David, saying, “May the LORD hold David’s enemies accountable.”
Footnotes
The Hebrew *kārat bĕrît* (כָּרַת בְּרִית), 'to cut a covenant,' is the standard covenantal idiom, derived from the ancient rite of cutting animals in two as the ceremony of covenant-making (cf. Gen. 15:10, 17–18; Jer. 34:18). The covenant here is not merely personal—between Jonathan and David—but dynastic: *with the house of David*, ensuring its perpetuity. FOG preserves 'cut a covenant' to honour the ritual weight of the act; FOG Message uses 'made a covenant' for readability.