After Solomon’s death, his son Rehoboam’s harsh policies lead to the secession of the ten northern tribes, forming the kingdom of Israel under Jeroboam I (circa 931 BCE). This division introduces a period of political instability and religious apostasy. Jeroboam’s establishment of alternative worship centers in Bethel and Dan, featuring golden calves, marks a significant departure from the worship of Yahweh in Jerusalem and sets a precedent for idolatry that will plague the northern kingdom.

The southern kingdom of Judah, under the Davidic line, remains more stable but also experiences its own challenges, including conflicts with Israel and internal issues of faithfulness. The narrative of 1 Kings highlights the contrasts between the two kingdoms: Israel’s rapid descent into idolatry and the sporadic faithfulness of Judah’s kings.

The book also introduces the prophetic movement that will become a central feature of Israel’s history. Prophets like Elijah and Micaiah confront the kings of Israel, particularly Ahab and Jezebel, whose reign (circa 874-853 BCE) is marked by severe apostasy and persecution of God’s prophets. Elijah’s ministry, including his confrontation with the prophets of Baal and his dramatic flight to Mount Horeb, underscores the power of the prophetic word in a time of national crisis.

The geopolitical landscape of the time includes the rising threat of Aram (Syria) and the growing power of Assyria, which will later become a dominant force in the region. These external pressures, combined with internal strife and religious unfaithfulness, set the stage for the eventual downfall of both Israel and Judah. Understanding the historical and cultural context of 1 Kings is essential for grasping the significance of its narrative and theological themes. The book reflects a period of transition and turmoil, highlighting the importance of covenant faithfulness amidst political and spiritual challenges.