Who was Saint Francis of Assisi?

1. Summary of the Question

Who was Saint Francis of Assisi? Saint Francis of Assisi (c. 1181–1226) was an Italian Catholic friar and preacher known for his profound love of nature, poverty, and service to others. His life and teachings have left a significant impact on both the Catholic Church and broader Christian thought. This comprehensive answer explores who Saint Francis was, his context and background, his alignment with biblical teachings, and how his example can apply to modern Christian living.

2. Context and Background

Historical Context:
Saint Francis was born Giovanni di Pietro di Bernardone in Assisi, Italy, to a wealthy merchant family. In his youth, he was known for his extravagant lifestyle. However, after a series of spiritual experiences and a period of illness, Francis underwent a dramatic conversion. Renouncing his wealth, he chose a life of poverty and devotion to Christ.

In 1209, he founded the Franciscan Order (Order of Friars Minor), emphasizing vows of poverty, humility, and preaching the Gospel. His radical commitment to simplicity, service, and joy in all of creation was a stark contrast to the materialism and corruption present in parts of the Church at the time.

Cultural Context:
Francis lived during a time of great social and religious upheaval in Europe. The medieval Church was powerful, but also criticized for its wealth and political entanglements. Francis’s life and teachings were a call back to the simplicity of the Gospel and a reminder of Jesus’ teachings on humility, service, and care for the poor.

Literary Context:
Much of what we know about Saint Francis comes from biographies written by his followers, like “The Life of Saint Francis” by Thomas of Celano and “The Little Flowers of Saint Francis.” His writings, such as the “Canticle of the Sun,” reflect his deep connection with creation and his theology of God’s presence in the natural world.

3. Biblical Foundation (NASB 2020)

Saint Francis’s life and teachings resonate deeply with several biblical principles:

Humility and Poverty of Spirit:

• Matthew 5:3 (NASB 2020): “Blessed are the poor in spirit, for theirs is the kingdom of heaven.”
  Francis chose to embrace literal and more importantly spiritual poverty, echoing Jesus’ teaching that humility and reliance on God are key to entering the Kingdom of Heaven.
• Philippians 2:3-4 (NASB 2020): “Do nothing from selfishness or empty conceit, but with humility consider one another as more important than yourselves; do not merely look out for your own personal interests, but also for the interests of others.”
  Francis embodied these verses by prioritizing the needs of others above his own comfort and desires.

Care for Creation:

• Genesis 1:31 (NASB 2020): “God saw all that He had made, and behold, it was very good.”
  Francis’s famous “Canticle of the Sun” reflects a deep love for God’s creation, viewing nature as a reflection of God’s goodness and beauty.
• Psalm 24:1 (NASB 2020): “The earth is the Lord’s, and all it contains, the world, and those who live in it.”
  His life demonstrated that caring for creation was a form of worship and acknowledgment of God’s sovereignty.

Service to Others:

• Matthew 25:40 (NASB 2020): “The King will answer and say to them, ‘Truly I say to you, to the extent that you did it to one of these brothers of Mine, even the least of them, you did it to Me.’”
  Francis lived this verse by serving the poor, the lepers, and the marginalized, seeing Christ in every person he met.

4. Addressing Other Perspectives

Other Interpretations of Saint Francis’s Life:

• Some view Saint Francis primarily as an environmentalist or an early advocate for social justice. While these perspectives capture elements of his life, they can sometimes overshadow his core commitment to Christ and the Gospel.
• Others see Francis as a model of extreme asceticism, which can sometimes be perceived as unachievable or unnecessary in contemporary Christianity.

Balanced Perspective:
Saint Francis should be seen primarily as a man deeply devoted to following Jesus. His love for creation, simplicity, and service was a direct outflow of his desire to live like Christ. His lifestyle challenges Christians to evaluate their relationship with wealth, nature, and service, but his example is not about self-denial for its own sake—it’s about drawing closer to God.

5. Clarifying Misunderstandings

• Misconception: “Saint Francis was just a nature lover and environmentalist.”
  Correction: While Francis had a profound love for creation, his motivation was rooted in seeing God’s hand in all of nature. His devotion was first and foremost to Christ, and his love for creation was an extension of that love.
• Misconception: “Saint Francis’s extreme poverty is impractical for modern Christians.”
  Correction: While not all Christians are called to live in literal poverty, Francis’s example challenges believers to examine their relationship with material possessions and to prioritize spiritual wealth over worldly riches.
• Misconception: “Saint Francis’s focus on humility and service implies weakness.”
  Correction: Francis’s humility and service were signs of spiritual strength, not weakness. He chose to humble himself as Christ did, reflecting true discipleship and courage.

6. Practical Application and Relevance

• Embracing Simplicity: Modern Christians can learn from Francis’s radical commitment to simplicity. This doesn’t necessarily mean selling everything but living with open hands, ready to give and serve whenever called by God.
• Loving Creation: In a world grappling with environmental crises, Francis’s love for God’s creation reminds Christians that caring for the earth is a spiritual responsibility. It’s about honoring the Creator by caring for His creation.
• Serving Others: Francis’s life was marked by selfless service to the marginalized. Christians today can follow his example by seeing Christ in those who are suffering and extending love, compassion, and care.

7. Encouragement and Conclusion

Saint Francis of Assisi’s life offers a powerful example of what it means to live fully for Christ. His commitment to humility, simplicity, and service challenges us to examine our priorities and align them more closely with the heart of God.

His story encourages Christians to love what God loves—to care for creation, to serve the poor, and to live humbly. As we seek to grow in our faith, may we be inspired by his example to live more intentionally, to serve more selflessly, and to love more deeply, reflecting the grace and love of God in all that we do.