What is the meaning of the word Elohim?

1. Summary of the Question

The question, “What is the meaning of the word Elohim?” seeks to explore one of the most important Hebrew names for God used in the Bible. “Elohim” is a term that appears frequently in the Old Testament and carries rich theological significance. It is commonly translated as “God” in English Bibles, but its meaning and usage extend beyond a simple translation. This answer will examine the historical and biblical context of the word Elohim, its theological implications, and how understanding this term deepens one’s relationship with God.

2. Context and Background

Elohim is a Hebrew word that is generally used to refer to God in the Old Testament. It is a plural noun, but when referring to the God of Israel, it takes on a singular meaning. This use of a plural noun to refer to the singular God is known as the “plural of majesty,” suggesting the fullness of God’s divine power and majesty. The name Elohim appears over 2,500 times in the Old Testament and is the first name for God encountered in the Bible.

The word “Elohim” comes from the root “El,” which means “might” or “power.” It is used to denote God’s supreme authority, power, and sovereignty over all creation. The plural form, Elohim, may also hint at the complexity of God’s nature, aligning with Christian theological concepts of the Trinity—Father, Son, and Holy Spirit—while maintaining monotheism. However, it is important to recognize that the understanding of Elohim developed in the context of a Hebrew culture that emphasized the oneness of God (Deuteronomy 6:4).

Elohim is also used to describe other “gods” or spiritual beings in different contexts (e.g., Psalm 82:1), but when it is used with a singular verb and in a monotheistic context, it always refers to the one true God of Israel. Understanding this nuanced usage is essential for interpreting the Bible accurately and understanding the nature of God as portrayed in Scripture.

3. Biblical Foundation (NASB 2020)

Several key scriptures in the NASB 2020 translation highlight the use and significance of the word Elohim in the Bible:

• Genesis 1:1 (NASB 2020): “In the beginning, God (Elohim) created the heavens and the earth.”
  This verse introduces Elohim as the Creator of everything that exists. The use of Elohim here emphasizes God’s power, authority, and creative ability. Despite being a plural noun, it takes a singular verb form, reflecting God’s singularity and supremacy.
• Deuteronomy 6:4 (NASB 2020): “Hear, O Israel! The Lord is our God, the Lord is one!”
  This foundational verse, known as the Shema, declares the oneness of God. Even though Elohim is a plural form, the emphasis here is on the unity of God—reinforcing that there is only one true God.
• Psalm 82:1 (NASB 2020): “God (Elohim) takes His stand in His own congregation; He judges in the midst of the rulers (elohim).”
  In this verse, Elohim refers to both God and other divine beings or judges. This dual usage demonstrates the flexibility of the term and underscores the supreme authority of the one true God over all spiritual entities.
• Exodus 20:2-3 (NASB 2020): “I am the Lord your God (Elohim), who brought you out of the land of Egypt, out of the house of slavery. You shall have no other gods (elohim) before Me.”
  Elohim is used here to affirm God’s unique relationship with Israel as their deliverer and to emphasize that no other gods are to be worshiped.
• 1 Samuel 28:13 (NASB 2020): “The king said to her, ‘Do not be afraid; but what do you see?’ And the woman said to Saul, ‘I see a divine being (elohim) coming up out of the earth.'”
  In this verse, the medium of Endor, in her encounter with King Saul, describes the spirit of Samuel, who has been brought up from Sheol. Here, the term “elohim” is used to describe a disembodied spirit, indicating that the term can refer to any being not currently possessing a physical body, whether divine or otherwise. This usage reinforces the broader application of “elohim” to spiritual beings.
• Psalm 68:35 (NASB 2020): “O God (Elohim), You are awesome from Your sanctuary. The God of Israel Himself gives strength and power to the people. Blessed be God!”
  This verse uses Elohim to highlight God’s awe-inspiring power and His role as the protector and strength-giver to His people.

These passages illustrate the profound theological depth of the word Elohim, affirming God’s uniqueness, creative power, and supreme authority while also revealing its broader use for beings without physical bodies.

4. Addressing Other Perspectives

There are various interpretations regarding the use of Elohim in the Bible:

1. Polytheistic Interpretation: Some argue that the plural form of Elohim suggests a polytheistic origin or belief in multiple gods. However, this perspective is contrary to the central monotheistic message of the Bible. The plural form is better understood as a plural of majesty, reflecting God’s infinite attributes.
2. Pantheistic View: Some may see the plurality of Elohim as evidence for a pantheistic or panentheistic understanding of God—that God is in everything or everything is God. However, the Bible clearly distinguishes between the Creator (Elohim) and His creation, maintaining a monotheistic framework.
3. Theological Complexity and the Trinity: Some Christian theologians see the plural form as a subtle indication of the Trinity—the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit—existing in perfect unity as one God. While the Old Testament does not explicitly teach the Trinity, the use of Elohim opens the door for understanding God’s complex unity revealed more fully in the New Testament.
4. Referring to Spiritual Beings: As seen in 1 Samuel 28:13, the term “elohim” can refer to any spiritual being, not just God. This use helps to understand the broader connotation of the word and to differentiate between contexts where it describes the one true God and other spiritual beings.

The biblical perspective aligns with understanding Elohim as emphasizing God’s supreme power and majesty while maintaining the core tenet of monotheism.

5. Clarifying Misunderstandings

A common misconception is that the plural form of Elohim supports the idea of multiple gods. However, the consistent use of Elohim with singular verbs and the context of monotheistic worship within Judaism and Christianity contradicts this interpretation. The plural form, as mentioned earlier, is best understood as a plural of majesty, reflecting the fullness and complexity of God’s nature.

Another misunderstanding is that the use of Elohim can justify the worship of other deities or beings. The Bible is clear that while other beings may be called “gods” (elohim), there is only one true Elohim, the God of Israel, who alone is worthy of worship (Deuteronomy 6:4; Exodus 20:3).

6. Practical Application and Relevance

Understanding the meaning of Elohim has several practical implications for Christians:

• Worship and Reverence: Recognizing Elohim as the supreme Creator and Sustainer of all things calls for deep worship and reverence. Christians are reminded to honor God not only with words but with their whole lives, acknowledging His sovereignty over all creation (Psalm 95:6-7).
• Trust in God’s Power: The use of Elohim underscores God’s unparalleled power and authority. This provides assurance to believers that God is in control, regardless of circumstances, and encourages them to trust in His might and wisdom (Psalm 46:10).
• Understanding God’s Nature: While God is one (Deuteronomy 6:4), the use of Elohim invites believers to explore the depths of God’s nature, which is further revealed in the New Testament through the concept of the Trinity. This understanding enriches Christian worship, theology, and spiritual growth.

Practical reflections for Christians include:

• Deepen Your Understanding of God: Study the various names of God in Scripture, including Elohim, to gain a fuller understanding of His character and nature.
• Live in Awe of God’s Majesty: Let the majesty and power of Elohim inspire a life of awe, humility, and worship.
• Strengthen Your Faith: Knowing that Elohim is the Creator and Sovereign of all provides a firm foundation for faith, encouraging believers to remain steadfast and faithful in all circumstances.

7. Encouragement and Conclusion

The word Elohim, as one of the most frequently used names for God in the Old Testament, carries profound significance, reflecting His power, majesty, and divine complexity. Understanding Elohim enriches the believer’s view of God, deepening both worship and trust in His sovereignty. Additionally, recognizing its broader application to spiritual beings helps clarify biblical narratives. Believers are encouraged to continue exploring the depths of God’s character, to love what He loves and reject what He hates, and to live in awe of the One who is mighty, holy, and eternal. As we grow in our understanding of Elohim, we draw nearer to God and align our lives more closely with His will and purposes.