What does the Bible say about divorce and remarriage?

1. Summary of the Question

The question, “What does the Bible say about divorce and remarriage?” is a deeply important and sensitive topic within Christian teaching. The Bible addresses divorce and remarriage with a focus on God’s design for marriage, the sanctity of the marriage covenant, and the circumstances under which divorce and remarriage may be permissible. This response will explore the biblical teachings on this issue, considering the historical context, key scriptures, various interpretations, and practical applications for believers today.

2. Context and Background

To understand what the Bible says about divorce and remarriage, it is important to consider the historical, cultural, and literary context of biblical times. In the Old Testament, divorce was permitted under the Mosaic Law, but it was regulated to protect the rights of both parties, particularly women (Deuteronomy 24:1-4). During Jesus’ time, there were differing interpretations among Jewish teachers about the grounds for divorce. Some took a more liberal view, allowing divorce for nearly any reason, while others held a more conservative stance, allowing it only for serious transgressions like adultery.

Jesus addressed these debates, reaffirming the sanctity and permanence of marriage as established in creation (Genesis 2:24). His teachings, along with those of Paul, shaped the New Testament view on marriage, divorce, and remarriage, emphasizing faithfulness, commitment, and the restoration of relationships wherever possible.

3. Biblical Foundation (NASB 2020)

Several key scriptures provide insight into what the Bible teaches about divorce and remarriage:

• Matthew 19:3-6 (NASB 2020): “Some Pharisees came to Jesus, testing Him and asking, ‘Is it lawful for a man to divorce his wife for any reason at all?’ And He answered and said, ‘Have you not read that He who created them from the beginning made them male and female, and said, “For this reason a man shall leave his father and his mother and be joined to his wife, and the two shall become one flesh”? So they are no longer two, but one flesh. Therefore, what God has joined together, no person is to separate.’” Jesus emphasizes that marriage is a divine institution meant to be lifelong, reflecting God’s original design for the union of man and woman.
• Matthew 19:8-9 (NASB 2020): “He said to them, ‘Because of your hardness of heart, Moses permitted you to divorce your wives; but from the beginning it has not been this way. And I say to you, whoever divorces his wife, except for sexual immorality, and marries another woman commits adultery.’” Jesus acknowledges that divorce was allowed due to human hardness of heart but clarifies that it was not God’s original intention. He provides an exception for “sexual immorality,” suggesting that divorce is permissible in cases of marital unfaithfulness.
• 1 Corinthians 7:10-11 (NASB 2020): “But to the married I give instructions, not I, but the Lord, that the wife is not to leave her husband (but if she does leave, she must remain unmarried, or else be reconciled to her husband), and that the husband is not to divorce his wife.” Paul echoes Jesus’ teaching on the permanence of marriage, urging reconciliation and cautioning against divorce. However, he also acknowledges situations where separation may occur, advocating for either remaining single or reconciliation.
• 1 Corinthians 7:15 (NASB 2020): “Yet if the unbelieving one leaves, let him leave; the brother or the sister is not under bondage in such cases, but God has called us to peace.” Paul introduces another exception, recognizing that if an unbelieving spouse departs, the believing spouse is not bound to the marriage, indicating that divorce and potential remarriage may be permissible in such cases.

These verses collectively affirm that while God’s ideal for marriage is lifelong faithfulness, there are specific circumstances where divorce and remarriage may be allowed, particularly in cases of marital unfaithfulness or abandonment by an unbelieving spouse.

4. Addressing Other Perspectives

Some Christians interpret Jesus’ words in Matthew 19:9 strictly, seeing sexual immorality as the only valid reason for divorce. Others view Paul’s teaching in 1 Corinthians 7:15 as expanding the grounds to include abandonment by an unbelieving spouse. Some denominations hold that remarriage is not permissible unless the former spouse has died, while others believe that remarriage can occur under certain conditions.

The perspective that aligns more closely with a holistic biblical understanding is one that recognizes both the sanctity of marriage and the realities of brokenness in a fallen world. It emphasizes upholding marriage whenever possible, seeking reconciliation, but also allows for grace and compassion in situations of unfaithfulness or abandonment.

5. Clarifying Misunderstandings

A common misconception is that divorce is the “unforgivable sin” and that those who divorce and remarry are forever outside of God’s grace. However, the Bible teaches that God’s grace is sufficient for all sins and that there is forgiveness and restoration for those who seek it (1 John 1:9). Another misunderstanding is that divorce is always permissible for any reason, which contradicts the biblical emphasis on the sanctity and commitment of marriage.

6. Practical Application and Relevance

For Christians today, the biblical teaching on divorce and remarriage encourages a commitment to God’s design for marriage while recognizing the complexity of human relationships. Believers are called to honor their marriage vows, seek reconciliation wherever possible, and approach any decision about divorce or remarriage with prayer, counsel, and a heart aligned with God’s will.

Practical reflections for Christians include:

• Pursue Reconciliation: Prioritize healing and reconciliation in marital conflicts, seeking godly counsel and support.
• Exercise Compassion: Recognize the pain and complexity involved in divorce situations and approach them with compassion and understanding.
• Seek God’s Guidance: Make decisions about divorce and remarriage prayerfully, considering biblical teachings, the guidance of the Holy Spirit, and wise counsel.

7. Encouragement and Conclusion

The Bible teaches that marriage is a sacred covenant designed by God to reflect His love and faithfulness. While divorce and remarriage are serious matters, the Bible provides guidance that balances the ideals of commitment with grace for brokenness. For those who have experienced the pain of divorce, God’s love and grace offer hope, healing, and a path forward. Christians are encouraged to uphold the sanctity of marriage, seek reconciliation and healing where possible, and trust in God’s grace to restore and renew all who turn to Him in faith.