Pronunciation Guide: ah-kree-BO-oh

Basic Definition

Strong’s G198: ἀκριβόω (akriboō) which only appears in Matthew 2, denotes the act of inquiring or investigating with meticulous precision and thoroughness. It carries the sense of examining something with utmost diligence and exactness to ascertain the truth. The word implies not just casual investigation but a determined effort to learn every detail with complete accuracy.

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Etymology and Morphology

• Verb (present active indicative)
• Derived from the adjective ἀκριβής (akribēs), meaning “exact, precise, careful”
• Primary usage in narrative sections, particularly in contexts of royal or official inquiries
• Common in Hellenistic Greek administrative and legal documents

ἀκριβόω Morphology:

• ἀκριβόω (present active indicative) – to ascertain precisely
• ἠκρίβωσεν (aorist active indicative) – ascertained precisely
• ἀκριβῶσαι (aorist active infinitive) – to ascertain precisely
• ἀκριβώσας (aorist active participle) – having ascertained precisely

Origin & History

The word has deep roots in classical Greek literature, where it was frequently used in contexts of detailed investigation and precise examination. Thucydides employed it in his “History of the Peloponnesian War” when describing his meticulous method of historical investigation. The term gained prominence in Hellenistic Greek, particularly in administrative and legal documents where precision was paramount.

In the writings of Aristotle, notably in his “Nicomachean Ethics,” the related adjective ἀκριβής appears frequently to describe the exactness required in philosophical inquiry and ethical reasoning. The verbal form ἀκριβόω developed to emphasize the active process of achieving such precision.

Expanded Definitions & Translation Options

• Meticulous investigation to determine exact details
• Careful examination with attention to precision
• Thorough inquiry to establish accurate information

ἀκριβόω Translation Options:

• “To ascertain precisely” – Emphasizes the goal of obtaining exact information
• “To investigate carefully” – Highlights the thorough process of examination
• “To determine with accuracy” – Focuses on the precision of the investigation
• “To inquire diligently” – Stresses the earnestness of the search for truth

Biblical Usage

In the New Testament, ἀκριβόω appears most notably in Matthew 2:7, where King Herod secretly summons the Magi to inquire precisely about the timing of the star’s appearance. This usage perfectly exemplifies the word’s emphasis on detailed investigation, though ironically used here for nefarious purposes.

The word’s sole appearance in the New Testament is particularly significant as it occurs in the context of prophecy fulfillment and divine revelation, showing how even hostile powers unwittingly participate in God’s precise prophetic timeline.

• “Then Herod secretly called the magi and learned [ἠκρίβωσεν] from them the exact time the star appeared.” Matthew 2:7

Cultural Insights

In the ancient Near Eastern court setting, precise investigation was a crucial aspect of royal administration. The use of ἀκριβόω in Matthew 2:7 reflects typical Herodian governmental procedure, where detailed information gathering was essential for maintaining power and control. This precision in investigation was particularly important in astronomical matters, as celestial events were seen as divine signs throughout the ancient world.

The Magi themselves were known for their precise astronomical calculations, making Herod’s detailed inquiry (ἀκριβόω) particularly appropriate in this context. The intersection of political power, astronomical expertise, and divine prophecy in this passage showcases the rich cultural tapestry of the first-century Holy Land.

Theological Significance

The appearance of ἀκριβόω in the nativity narrative reveals a profound theological irony. While Herod seeks to precisely determine details about the Messiah’s birth for destructive purposes, his very investigation helps confirm the exact fulfillment of prophecy regarding the Messiah’s birth. This demonstrates how God’s sovereign purposes prevail even through the hostile actions of His opponents.

The precision implied by ἀκριβόω also highlights the meticulous nature of God’s prophetic timeline. Every detail of the Messiah’s birth, including the star’s appearance and timing, was precisely orchestrated by divine providence, showing that nothing in God’s plan is accidental or approximate.

Personal Application

The concept of ἀκριβόω challenges believers to approach their study of Scripture and search for truth with similar diligence and precision. While Herod’s motivation was evil, his method of careful investigation can inspire us to examine God’s Word and His working in our lives with thorough attention to detail.

This word reminds us that God’s truth invites and rewards careful investigation. Whether in Bible study, prayer, or discerning God’s will, we should pursue understanding with precision and diligence, knowing that every detail of His Word and work is significant.

Related Words

• ἀκριβής (akribēs) – exact, precise, accurate (pronunciation: ah-kree-BACE) – Shows the quality of exactness that the verb seeks to achieve See G199
• ἀκριβῶς (akribōs) – carefully, exactly, diligently (pronunciation: ah-kree-BOCE) – Describes the manner of precise action See G199
• ἐξετάζω (exetazō) – to examine, search, inquire (pronunciation: ex-eh-TAD-zo) – A related term for investigation but without the same emphasis on precision See G1833

Did you Know?

• Archaeological discoveries have revealed that Hellenistic administrative documents frequently used ἀκριβόω and related terms in the context of official investigations, showing its importance in ancient legal procedures.
• The root word ἀκριβής has survived into modern Greek, where it still carries the meaning of “precise” or “exact,” and is used in scientific and technical contexts.
• The methodical investigation implied by ἀκριβόω aligns closely with ancient Jewish methods of studying Torah, where every detail was considered significant and worthy of careful examination.

Remember This

ἀκριβόω reminds us that God’s truth rewards diligent investigation, as every detail of His Word and work is precisely crafted for His perfect purposes.