Brief Overview of λάθρᾳ (Strong’s G2977: láthra)

Unveiling the Word

Understanding Greek words is fundamental in Biblical studies because it uncovers deeper meanings and nuances within the original text that may not be immediately apparent in translation. The Greek word λάθρᾳ (láthra), first appearing in Matthew 1:19, is particularly significant as it relates to the concept of secrecy or doing something in a concealed manner. This word is crucial for interpreting New Testament passages that discuss actions done covertly or in privacy, providing insight into the cultural and ethical considerations of ancient Greek and Jewish societies.

Necessary Information

Greek Word: λάθρᾳ, transliterated as láthra [pronounced: LA-thrah].

Etymology: The word λάθρᾳ is derived from the root λανθάνω (lanthánō), which means “to escape notice” or “to be hidden.” This root emphasizes the idea of concealment, whether physical or metaphorical, and carries with it the implication of intentional secrecy.

Part of Speech: Adverb. λάθρᾳ functions as an adverb in Greek, modifying verbs to indicate that an action is performed secretly, quietly, or without public knowledge. It does not change form and is not subject to declension like nouns or adjectives.

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Defining Meanings

1. Secretly or Privately: The primary meaning of λάθρᾳ is “secretly” or “privately.” It conveys the sense that something is done away from public view, often to avoid attention or scrutiny.

2. In Hiding: Another meaning of λάθρᾳ is “in hiding” or “out of sight.” This usage is often employed in contexts where there is a need to conceal one’s actions or presence deliberately.

Exploring Similar Words

1. κρυπτῷ (kryptō) [pronounced: KROOP-toh]: This word also means “hidden” or “secret” but is typically used as an adjective or a noun. It often refers to things that are concealed from view or kept secret, such as “hidden” places or “secret” plans.

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2. λάθῃ (láthē) [pronounced: LA-thee]: Derived from the same root λανθάνω, this word is an older form and primarily appears in Homeric and classical Greek texts. It carries a similar meaning of “unnoticed” or “secretly” but is less common in the New Testament.

3. ἀφανῶς (aphanōs) [pronounced: ah-fa-NOS]: Meaning “invisibly” or “unseen,” this adverb has a similar sense but emphasizes the lack of visibility rather than the act of hiding itself.

Reviewing the Word’s Morphology

Part of Speech and Usage: λάθρᾳ is an adverb and does not follow a declension pattern like nouns or adjectives. Adverbs in Greek are used to modify verbs, providing additional information about how an action is performed. In this case, λάθρᾳ describes an action being carried out secretly or without public knowledge.

Since λάθρᾳ is an adverb, it remains invariant and is not subject to changes in case, number, or gender. Thus, there is no declension table or conjugation details required.

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Studying Lexicon Insights

Lexicon studies of λάθρᾳ highlight its usage in contexts where secrecy or privacy is emphasized. In the New Testament, this word often appears in narratives involving discreet actions or decisions made away from public scrutiny. For example, in Matthew 1:19, Joseph, “being a righteous man and not wanting to disgrace” Mary publicly, decides to divorce her quietly (λάθρᾳ). This demonstrates not only his righteousness but also his sensitivity to cultural and social norms. In classical Greek literature, the word is often used to describe actions taken to avoid shame, conflict, or unwanted attention, thus reflecting a broader cultural understanding of discretion and honor.

This overview synthesizes insights from BDAG, Thayer’s, LSJ, Vine’s, Strong’s, LEH, and Moulton and Milligan.

Tracing Related Scriptures

Matthew 1:19: “And Joseph her husband, being a righteous man and not wanting to disgrace her, planned to send her away secretly [λάθρᾳ].”

Matthew 2:7: “Then Herod secretly [λάθρᾳ] called the magi and determined from them the exact time the star appeared.”

John 11:28: “When she had said this, she went away and called Mary her sister, saying secretly [λάθρᾳ], ‘The Teacher is here and is calling for you.'”

Acts 16:37: “But Paul said to them, ‘They have beaten us in public without trial, men who are Romans, and have thrown us into prison; and now are they sending us away secretly [λάθρᾳ]? No indeed! Let them come themselves and bring us out.'”

Analyzing Classical Usage

Noteworthy Summary

The Greek word λάθρᾳ (láthra) is an adverb that means “secretly” or “privately,” emphasizing actions done away from public view or knowledge. It appears in several New Testament passages, often highlighting themes of discretion, privacy, and moral decision-making. Understanding λάθρᾳ provides deeper insight into cultural norms of honor and shame in both ancient Greek and Jewish contexts. Its usage in classical literature similarly points to the importance of privacy and secrecy in strategic, legal, and personal actions.

Did You Know?

1. The word λάθρᾳ is related to the modern English word “lath,” which refers to a hidden framework, reflecting the shared root meaning of concealment.
2. In the Septuagint, λάθρᾳ is often used to translate Hebrew words for secrecy or hiding, showing its consistency in meaning across both Greek and Hebrew texts.
3. The use of λάθρᾳ in Matthew 1:19 offers a glimpse into Joseph’s character, balancing justice with compassion by choosing a private course of action rather than a public disgrace for Mary.