Brief Overview of ἐμπαιγμός (Strong’s G1701: empaigmos)

Introduction

In the study of Biblical Greek, understanding specific words can profoundly impact our interpretation of scripture. The Greek word ἐμπαιγμός (empaigmos) is one such word, carrying significant weight in the context of mockery and scorn. This term appears in the New Testament, particularly in passages that describe the sufferings of Christ and the mocking He endured. By exploring the nuances of ἐμπαιγμός, we gain deeper insight into the cultural and spiritual implications of mockery in ancient times, especially within the context of early Christian persecution. Understanding this word enriches our comprehension of key New Testament themes and the portrayal of Christ’s suffering.

Key Information

• Greek Word: ἐμπαιγμός (empaigmos) [em-pah-EEM-mos]
• Etymology: Derived from the verb ἐμπαίζω (empaizō), meaning “to mock” or “to ridicule,” which itself comes from the prefix ἐν (en, “in”) and παίζω (paizō, “to play” or “to jest”).
• Part of Speech: Noun, masculine; (second declension).
• The F.O.G Word Choice: Coming Soon

Primary Meanings

• Mockery: The most direct translation, used to describe acts of scorn, ridicule, or derision.
• Ridicule: Emphasizes the intent to belittle or demean someone through words or actions.

Similar Words:

• καταγελάω (katagelaō) [kah-tah-GE-lah-oh]: Another term for mocking or laughing at someone, but with a stronger connotation of disdain or contempt.
• παίζω (paizō) [PAH-ee-zoh]: While this verb means “to play” or “to jest,” it can also imply mockery when used in a context of ridicule, although it is often more playful than ἐμπαιγμός.
• χλευάζω (chleuazō) [khleh-WAH-zoh]: A word specifically focused on jeering or scoffing, often with a more sarcastic tone.

Further Insights:

• Morphology: ἐμπαιγμός follows the standard pattern of second declension nouns in Greek, with its nominative singular form ending in -ος (os). The word is masculine, which is typical for abstract nouns describing actions or states.
• Linguistic Features: The prefix ἐν (en) suggests a state of being in the act of mocking, indicating that ἐμπαιγμός is not just a passing act but a more persistent state or attitude of ridicule. This nuance is significant in Biblical contexts, where such mockery is often seen as an intentional, malicious act.

Lexicon Insights

BDAG:
BDAG defines ἐμπαιγμός primarily as mockery or ridicule, noting its use in contexts where scorn is directed at someone, particularly in the narratives of Christ’s Passion. The lexicon emphasizes the deliberate and often public nature of the mockery described by this word.

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Thayer’s:
Thayer’s lexicon also highlights ἐμπαιγμός as a noun denoting mockery, often with an emphasis on verbal ridicule. The lexicon points out its usage in describing the actions of those who mocked Jesus during His trial and crucifixion.

Vine’s:
Vine’s Expository Dictionary underlines the word’s importance in depicting the suffering of Christ, focusing on how ἐμπαιγμός illustrates the contempt and scorn He endured. Vine’s also notes the broader application of the term in contexts where mockery is a form of persecution.

LSJ:
The Liddell-Scott-Jones lexicon traces the use of ἐμπαιγμός in classical Greek, where it is often associated with public ridicule, especially in theatrical or political settings. The word carries connotations of performance, suggesting that mockery was sometimes used as a tool for public shaming.

Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance:
Strong’s Concordance identifies ἐμπαιγμός as G1701 and notes its occurrence in the New Testament, specifically in the context of Christ’s Passion. The word is associated with the acts of those who scorned and ridiculed Jesus, highlighting the gravity of this mockery.

Scripture References

• Matthew 27:29 – “And when they had twisted a crown of thorns, they put it on His head, and a reed in His right hand. And they bowed the knee before Him and mocked Him (ἐμπαιγμός), saying, ‘Hail, King of the Jews!'”
• Hebrews 11:36 – “Others had trial of cruel mockings (ἐμπαιγμός) and scourgings, yes, and of chains and imprisonment.”

Classical Usage

Summary of ἐμπαιγμός (G1701: empaigmos)

The Greek word ἐμπαιγμός (empaigmos) is a significant term in Biblical Greek, denoting mockery or ridicule, often in a public or malicious context. Its use in the New Testament, especially in the narratives of Jesus’ suffering, emphasizes the depth of scorn and contempt He faced. Understanding ἐμπαιγμός allows us to grasp the full emotional and cultural weight of these events, providing insight into the nature of mockery in both ancient Greek culture and the Biblical narrative. This word is crucial for interpreting passages where the suffering of individuals, particularly Jesus, is highlighted through the lens of scorn and ridicule.

Did You Know?

The word ἐμπαιγμός is not just a term for simple jesting or teasing; in the context of the New Testament, it often implies a deep and intentional mockery, sometimes connected to spiritual or political defiance. Understanding this nuance can shed light on the seriousness with which the Gospel writers viewed the mockery of Jesus during His trial and crucifixion, framing it as a significant aspect of His Passion.