Brief Overview of ἀριθμός (G706: arithmos)

1. Brief Overview:

Transliteration: arithmos

Root Words:

• ἀριθμός (arithmos): This term means “number” and is the source of the English word “arithmetic.” It refers to a numerical quantity or a system of numerical measurement.

Primary Meanings:

• Number: The primary meaning of ἀριθμός is “number,” referring to a mathematical value or quantity.
• Count: It can also mean a count or enumeration of items.
• Sum: In some contexts, it refers to the total sum of a series of numbers.

2. Detailed Description:

BDAG: BDAG defines ἀριθμός as “number” and includes various applications, from simple numerical counts to more abstract uses in philosophical and mathematical contexts. It notes its use in both everyday counting and more specialized mathematical contexts.

Thayer’s: Thayer’s Greek Lexicon describes ἀριθμός as “number” and includes meanings related to counting and enumeration, emphasizing its role in representing quantities and sums.

Vines: Vines’ Expository Dictionary emphasizes that ἀριθμός means “number” and includes its use in listing or tallying numerical values, both in everyday contexts and in more formal settings.

LSJ: The LSJ Lexicon defines ἀριθμός as “number” with references to its use in various contexts, including mathematical and accounting scenarios, highlighting its fundamental role in quantification.

Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance: Strong’s identifies ἀριθμός as “number,” pointing to its application in counting, listing, and calculating.

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Bible Verses:

• Matthew 10:30 (KJV): “But the very hairs of your head are all numbered.”
• Here, “numbered” translates ἀριθμός, indicating a precise count or enumeration.
• Revelation 13:18 (KJV): “Here is wisdom. Let him that hath understanding count the number of the beast: for it is the number of a man; and his number is Six hundred threescore and six.”
• “Number” reflects ἀριθμός, referring to a specific numerical value.
• Luke 12:7 (KJV): “But even the very hairs of your head are all numbered. Fear not therefore: ye are of more value than many sparrows.”
• “Numbered” in this verse also corresponds to ἀριθμός, emphasizing a detailed count.

3. Usage in Classic Greek Literature:

In classic Greek literature, ἀριθμός appears in various contexts:

• Homer: Although Homer’s texts are rich in descriptions and counts, specific instances of ἀριθμός are not directly cited; the concept of numbers and counts is fundamental in his epic poetry.
• Aristotle: Aristotle’s works include discussions on numbers and counting, showcasing the term’s use in philosophical and logical contexts.
• Euclid: In Euclid’s mathematical texts, the term ἀριθμός is used to denote numbers and their properties, reflecting its mathematical importance.

4. Summary:

The term ἀριθμός (G706: arithmos) primarily means “number,” encompassing a range of uses from simple counts to more complex mathematical concepts. Rooted in the Greek word for “number,” it is integral to discussions involving numerical values and enumeration. BDAG and other lexicons agree on its core meaning, focusing on counting and summing. In classical Greek literature, the term is foundational, appearing in philosophical, mathematical, and literary contexts, underscoring its importance in quantifying and understanding numerical values.