Brief Overview of μεσότοιχον (Strong’s G3320: mesótoichon)

Unveiling the Word

Understanding the original Greek words used in the New Testament can significantly enhance our comprehension of biblical texts. The word μεσότοιχον (mesótoichon), first appearing in Ephesians 2:14, is particularly intriguing as it denotes a “dividing wall” or “partition.” This word is crucial for interpreting the passage in Ephesians where Paul speaks of Christ breaking down the “dividing wall of hostility” between Jews and Gentiles. In ancient Greek culture and architecture, a μεσότοιχον was a literal wall that separated different areas within a building, such as the walls in the Temple that separated the Court of the Gentiles from the inner courts accessible only to Jews. The metaphorical use of this term in the New Testament signifies the removal of barriers that divide people, both physically and spiritually.

Necessary Information

Greek Word: μεσότοιχον (mesótoichon) [meh-SO-tee-khon].

Etymology: The word μεσότοιχον is a compound formed from the words mesos (μέσος), meaning “middle” or “in the midst,” and toichos (τοῖχος), meaning “wall.” It literally translates to “middle wall” or “partition wall.”

Part of Speech: Noun. It is a neuter noun, indicating that it refers to an object, specifically a physical or metaphorical wall. As a noun, it does not undergo the complex declensions of Greek verbs or adjectives but follows the standard noun declension patterns.

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Defining Meanings

1. Dividing Wall: Refers to a physical wall that separates two areas. In the context of ancient architecture, it could mean a partition within a building, such as in the Jewish Temple where certain walls separated the areas accessible to Gentiles from those reserved for Jews.
2. Barrier of Hostility: Used metaphorically in Ephesians 2:14 to describe the separation between Jews and Gentiles, representing enmity, division, or a barrier to reconciliation. It signifies Christ’s role in abolishing these divisions, uniting both groups into one body.
3. Partition or Fence: In a broader sense, it can refer to any type of fence or barrier that divides, whether literal or figurative. This meaning extends beyond architecture to include societal or relational divisions.

Exploring Similar Words

1. διαχωρισμός (diachōrismós) [dee-ah-kho-reez-MOS]: Meaning “separation” or “division,” this word differs from μεσότοιχον as it emphasizes the act or state of dividing rather than the physical or symbolic barrier itself.
2. φραγμός (phragmós) [phrahg-MOS]: This word, meaning “fence” or “hedge,” is similar to μεσότοιχον but often refers to an enclosure or protection, as in the parable of the vineyard (Matthew 21:33). It does not carry the same connotation of hostility or enmity.
3. καταπέτασμα (katapétasma) [kah-tah-PEH-tas-mah]: Refers to the “veil” in the Temple, which separated the Holy of Holies from the rest of the sanctuary. While it is a physical barrier like μεσότοιχον, it has a more specific religious and ceremonial significance.

Reviewing the Word’s Morphology

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As a neuter noun, μεσότοιχον follows the standard second declension pattern in Greek. Below is a simplified declension table for its singular form:

This declension pattern indicates how the word changes form based on its grammatical function in a sentence, such as being the subject or object.

For a deeper understanding of Greek grammar, you can visit this page: Click here for a beginners guide to reading Greek.

Studying Lexicon Insights

In biblical lexicons, μεσότοιχον is understood primarily as a symbol of division and reconciliation. BDAG highlights its use in Ephesians 2:14 to illustrate the removal of barriers between Jews and Gentiles, emphasizing the peace that Christ brings. Thayer’s and Vine’s lexicons point out its architectural roots, referring to the literal partition walls in buildings or temples. LSJ extends this understanding to classical texts, where μεσότοιχον can denote any kind of dividing wall within a structure. Moulton and Milligan emphasize its metaphorical significance in early Christian writings as a representation of unity and reconciliation.

This overview synthesizes insights from BDAG, Thayer’s, LSJ, Vine’s, Strong’s, LEH, and Moulton and Milligan.

Tracing Related Scriptures

1. Ephesians 2:14: “For He Himself is our peace, who made both groups into one and broke down the barrier [μεσότοιχον] of the dividing wall.”

Analyzing Classical Usage

Noteworthy Summary

The word μεσότοιχον in Ephesians 2:14 is a powerful metaphor for breaking down divisions, both physical and spiritual. It not only describes the literal walls that separated people in the Jewish Temple but also symbolizes the reconciliation that Christ brings, uniting all people into one community. Understanding this term in its historical and cultural context enhances our appreciation of the profound theological message in Paul’s epistle.

Did You Know?

1. The μεσότοιχον in Ephesians 2:14 is often interpreted as a reference to the “Soreg,” a low wall in the Temple that warned Gentiles not to enter further under penalty of death.
2. In classical Greek, μεσότοιχον could also refer to partitions within homes, dividing private and communal spaces.
3. The concept of breaking down the μεσότοιχον is central to the Christian understanding of unity and peace, emphasizing the removal of barriers that separate humanity from God and each other.