Brief Overview of κῶλον (Strong’s G2966: kōlon)

Unveiling the Word

In Biblical studies, understanding the original Greek words provides deeper insights into the text’s intended meanings and cultural contexts. The Greek word κῶλον (kōlon), meaning “limb” or “member” of the body, appears in Hebrews 3:17 and is significant for its use in both a literal and metaphorical sense in the New Testament. In ancient Greek culture, this word not only referred to a physical part of the body but also carried deeper implications, reflecting ideas of completeness, structure, and unity within a body—whether literal or metaphorical.

Necessary Information

Greek Word: κῶλον (kōlon) [KO-lon]

Etymology: The word κῶλον is derived from a root that generally means “limb” or “part of the body.” It is related to the concept of division and sections, which could also refer to parts of a sentence in rhetoric or poetry, indicating a segmented yet unified whole.

Part of Speech: Noun. κῶλον is a neuter noun and follows the standard rules of declension in Greek grammar. It changes form based on its case (nominative, genitive, dative, accusative), number (singular, plural), and gender (neuter).

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Defining Meanings

Meaning 1: Literal Sense – Limb or Body Part
In its literal sense, κῶλον refers to a “limb” or “member” of the body. This can include arms, legs, or any other distinct part of a physical body. The word is often used to describe the functional components of a whole body, emphasizing the importance of each part in contributing to the overall unity and functionality.

Meaning 2: Figurative Sense – A Section or Segment
In a metaphorical sense, κῶλον can refer to a “section” or “segment,” such as parts of a sentence in classical rhetoric or divisions in poetry. This usage reflects an understanding of structure and division within a unified entity, whether it be a physical body or a literary piece.

Meaning 3: Symbolic Representation – Completeness and Unity
In theological contexts, κῶλον can symbolize the completeness and unity of the body of Christ or the church. Each “member” or “limb” represents an essential component that contributes to the whole, reflecting early Christian thought on community and collective identity.

Exploring Similar Words

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μέλος (melos) [MEH-los]: While μέλος also translates to “member” or “part,” it more frequently describes individual parts that contribute to a whole, particularly in the context of the body of Christ (1 Corinthians 12:12-27).

μέρος (meros) [MEH-ros]: This word translates to “part” or “portion” and differs from κῶλον in that it is often used to describe a share or part in terms of distribution or division, rather than the integral parts of a unified whole.

σώμα (soma) [SO-mah]: Meaning “body,” this word contrasts with κῶλον by referring to the whole rather than the individual parts. In Pauline theology, σώμα is often used to describe the collective body of believers or the physical body of a person.

Reviewing the Word’s Morphology

For Nouns/Adjectives:

• Case, Number, Gender: κῶλον is a neuter noun. Its morphological forms change according to its case and number.
• Declension: Here is the declension table for κῶλον:

For further details on Greek nouns, Click here for a beginners guide to reading Greek.

Studying Lexicon Insights

The term κῶλον carries various connotations across different Greek lexicons. In the New Testament, it is used to describe “limbs” or “members” in a literal sense but also takes on symbolic meanings of unity and completeness. In classical contexts, κῶλον was often used in rhetoric and literature to denote a section or segment of text, emphasizing its importance in structuring thoughts or arguments. Theologically, κῶλον may represent the interconnectedness of the church’s body, where each member plays a crucial role in the whole. Understanding these contexts enriches one’s comprehension of New Testament passages and their broader implications.

This overview synthesizes insights from BDAG, Thayer’s, LSJ, Vine’s, Strong’s, LEH, and Moulton and Milligan.

Tracing Related Scriptures

Hebrews 3:17: “And with whom was he angry for forty years? Was it not with those who sinned, whose bodies [κῶλα] fell in the wilderness?”

This passage uses κῶλα to describe the bodies that perished in the wilderness, emphasizing the consequence of disobedience and the physical reality of those who fell outside of God’s favor.

Analyzing Classical Usage

Noteworthy Summary

The Greek word κῶλον provides a fascinating insight into New Testament language and thought. While primarily meaning “limb” or “member,” its use in different contexts—from rhetoric and literature to biblical and theological discourse—emphasizes both physicality and unity within a structured whole. Understanding this word enriches one’s study of the Scriptures, especially in recognizing the significance of community and unity in the early Christian faith.

Did You Know?

• Did you know? The word κῶλον was commonly used in ancient Greek rhetoric to refer to a segment of a sentence, showing its literary as well as physical applications.
• Did you know? In Greek literature, κῶλον is often associated with completeness, reflecting the interconnectedness of different parts within a unified body or text.
• Did you know? The metaphorical use of κῶλον in theology highlights the importance of each member within the body of Christ, emphasizing unity and diversity.