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Introduction:
Understanding the Greek verb εἰρηνεύω (eirēneúō) is essential in Biblical studies, especially when exploring themes of peace and reconciliation in the New Testament. The word, which means “to be at peace” or “to live in peace,” is rooted in the concept of εἰρήνη (eirḗnē), the Greek word for peace. This verb is significant not only in theological contexts but also in the broader understanding of social harmony and interpersonal relationships in ancient Greek culture. Exploring εἰρηνεύω provides valuable insights into the early Christian vision of a peaceful community and the emphasis on living in harmony with others.
Key Information:
- Greek Word: εἰρηνεύω (eirēneúō) [ay-ray-NYOO-oh]
- Etymology: Derived from the Greek noun εἰρήνη (eirḗnē), meaning “peace.”
- Part of Speech: Verb (present active indicative)
- The F.O.G Word Choice: Coming Soon
Primary Meanings:
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- To be at peace
- To live in peace
- To bring about peace or reconciliation
Similar Words:
- καταλλάσσω (katallássō) [ka-tal-LAS-soh]: Meaning “to reconcile,” this verb focuses on restoring relationships, often between individuals or between God and humanity.
- ἡσυχάζω (hēsycházō) [hay-soo-KHAD-zo]: Translated as “to be quiet” or “to rest,” this word emphasizes a state of calm or stillness, which is closely related to the idea of peace but with a focus on tranquility.
- συγκαταβαίνω (sygkatabaínō) [soong-ka-ta-BAH-ee-noh]: Meaning “to condescend” or “to come down,” this verb often implies a peaceful resolution through humility or lowering oneself for the sake of unity.
Further Insights:
- Morphology:
- The verb εἰρηνεύω is conjugated according to regular Greek verb patterns. As a present active indicative, it denotes an ongoing action or state of being at peace.
- Usage in Sentences: εἰρηνεύω can be used in various contexts, including personal relationships, communal harmony, and spiritual peace, making it a versatile term in both secular and religious Greek literature.
Lexicon Insights:
BDAG:
BDAG defines εἰρηνεύω as “to be at peace” or “to live in peace,” highlighting its use in contexts that emphasize harmonious living. The lexicon notes that the verb often carries a communal or relational aspect, underscoring the importance of peace within the community or between individuals.
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Thayer’s:
Thayer’s lexicon describes εἰρηνεύω as a verb that reflects the state of being at peace or bringing about peace. It notes its frequent use in the New Testament, particularly in passages that encourage believers to live peacefully with one another.
Vine’s:
Vine’s Expository Dictionary discusses εἰρηνεύω in the context of Christian ethics, where it is often used to describe the ideal state of harmony within the church and between believers. Vine’s emphasizes that this verb is closely tied to the concept of reconciliation and unity.
LSJ (Liddell-Scott-Jones):
The LSJ lexicon traces εἰρηνεύω back to classical Greek, where it was used to describe both personal tranquility and political peace. LSJ highlights its use in philosophical texts where living in peace was considered a virtue.
Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance:
Strong’s Concordance lists εἰρηνεύω as “to be at peace,” “to live in peace,” or “to bring about peace.” Strong’s emphasizes the verb’s importance in understanding the Christian call to peaceful living and the role of peace in the believer’s life.
Scripture References:
- Mark 9:50: “Have salt in yourselves, and be at peace (εἰρηνεύετε) with one another.”
- Romans 12:18: “If possible, so far as it depends on you, live peaceably (εἰρηνεύετε) with all.”
Classical Usage:
| Author | Work | English Text |
|---|---|---|
| Plato | Republic | “Those who love knowledge are always at peace (εἰρηνεύουσιν).” |
| Aristotle | Politics | “A city can only thrive if its citizens live in peace (εἰρηνεύουσιν).” |
| Herodotus | Histories | “After the treaty, both nations agreed to live at peace (εἰρηνεύουσιν).” |
Summary of εἰρηνεύω (G1514: eirēneúō)
The Greek verb εἰρηνεύω (eirēneúō), meaning “to be at peace” or “to live in peace,” is a significant term in the New Testament that emphasizes the Christian call to live harmoniously with others. Rooted in the concept of εἰρήνη (eirḗnē), or peace, this verb is used to encourage believers to foster unity and reconciliation within their communities. It is a term that transcends individual tranquility, encompassing communal and relational harmony. The study of εἰρηνεύω not only enhances our understanding of New Testament ethics but also provides insight into the broader cultural values of peace and harmony in ancient Greek society.
Did You Know?
The verb εἰρηνεύω was not only significant in religious texts but also in ancient Greek political and philosophical discussions. The idea of living at peace was considered essential for the well-being of both individuals and the state. In classical literature, εἰρηνεύω was often associated with the virtues of wisdom and moderation, reflecting the Greek ideal of a balanced and harmonious life. This cultural emphasis on peace deeply influenced early Christian teachings, where the call to εἰρηνεύω became a central aspect of Christian community life.
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