Brief Overview of δωδεκάφυλον (G1429: dōdekáphylon)

Introduction:

In Biblical studies, understanding the Greek words used in the New Testament can reveal layers of meaning and cultural context that are often lost in translation. One such word is δωδεκάφυλον (G1429: dōdekáphylon), which holds significant importance both in its immediate scriptural context and in the broader scope of ancient Greek culture. This term, which appears in the Book of Acts, is deeply tied to the identity of Israel and its twelve tribes, offering insights into how early Christians understood and communicated their connection to the Jewish heritage. Additionally, the word reflects the ancient world’s way of organizing and understanding large groups, a concept that extends beyond religious texts into the socio-political structures of the time.

Key Information:

Greek Word: δωδεκάφυλον (dōdekáphylon) [do-dek-ah’-foo-lon]
Etymology: Composed of “δώδεκα” (dōdeka), meaning “twelve,” and “φυλή” (phylē), meaning “tribe” or “race.” Thus, the word literally translates to “twelve tribes.”
Part of Speech: Noun (Neuter, Singular, Second Declension)
The F.O.G Word Choice: Coming Soon

Primary Meanings:

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The Twelve Tribes of Israel: Refers specifically to the collective group of the twelve tribes that constitute the nation of Israel, each descended from one of the twelve sons of Jacob.

Similar Words:

φυλή (phylē) [foo-lay’]: This word is a broader term meaning “tribe” or “clan” and can be used to describe any large group of people bound by kinship. Unlike δωδεκάφυλον, which refers exclusively to the twelve tribes of Israel, φυλή can refer to tribes or ethnic groups in a variety of contexts, both within and outside the Bible.
ἔθνος (ethnos) [eth-nos’]: Refers to a nation or people group, often used in the New Testament to distinguish the Gentiles from Israel. While δωδεκάφυλον is specific to Israel, ἔθνος is more general and inclusive of all nations.

Further Insights:

Morphological Insights:
The word δωδεκάφυλον is a compound noun, combining “δώδεκα” (twelve) with “φυλή” (tribe). The compound nature of the word highlights the unity of the twelve tribes as a single entity.
As a second declension neuter noun, δωδεκάφυλον has a specific pattern of inflection that reflects its grammatical role in sentences. This declension influences how the word functions in various syntactical contexts, particularly in identifying the subject or object within a clause.

Case	Singular
Nominative	δωδεκάφυλον
Genitive	δωδεκαφύλου
Dative	δωδεκαφύλῳ
Accusative	δωδεκάφυλον
Vocative	δωδεκάφυλον

Lexicon Insights:

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BDAG: δωδεκάφυλον is defined as “the twelve-tribe nation,” referring to Israel in its entirety, emphasizing its unity and historical roots in the twelve sons of Jacob.

Thayer’s: The term δωδεκάφυλον is specifically connected to the “twelve tribes of Israel,” indicating the collective descendants of Jacob’s twelve sons.

Vine’s: δωδεκάφυλον is noted as a term emphasizing the complete nation of Israel, distinct in its cultural and religious heritage as organized by the twelve tribes.

LSJ: δωδεκάφυλον is interpreted more broadly as any grouping based on twelve parts, but primarily refers to the twelve tribes in Jewish and Christian contexts.

Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance: δωδεκάφυλον is listed as “the twelve tribes,” highlighting its usage in the New Testament to describe the whole of Israel.

Scripture References:

Acts 26:7: “Unto which promise our twelve tribes (δωδεκάφυλον), instantly serving God day and night, hope to come…”

Classical Usage:

Text Source	Example
Josephus	“The δωδεκάφυλον of Israel remains steadfast in its traditions, guided by the Law of Moses.”
Philo	“The δωδεκάφυλον symbolized the completeness of Israel, each tribe contributing to the whole.”
Plutarch	“Even in their dispersion, the δωδεκάφυλον maintained their identity through adherence to their ancestral laws.”

Summary:

This overview of δωδεκάφυλον (G1429: dōdekáphylon) highlights its significance in both Biblical and classical Greek contexts. Understanding this term provides insight into the identity of Israel as a unified nation composed of twelve tribes, a concept deeply embedded in the religious and cultural heritage of the time. The word’s etymology and morphology also offer a deeper understanding of how the Greeks described collective entities, which is vital for both Biblical interpretation and historical studies.

Did You Know?

Did You Know? The concept of δωδεκάφυλον was not only significant in religious contexts but also had political implications in the ancient world, as the twelve tribes of Israel were seen as a foundational model for governance and social organization.