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1. Overview

Βαραββᾶς (Barabbas) is a name derived from Aramaic, meaning “son of the father” or “son of the teacher.” The name combines bar, meaning “son” and abba, meaning “father” or “teacher.” This name is particularly significant in the New Testament context, where Barabbas is known as a prisoner who was freed instead of Jesus, a decision made by Pontius Pilate during the Passover feast at the crowd’s request.

2. Lexical Details

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BDAG highlights that Barabbas is mentioned in the context of the Passion narrative where he is described as a notable prisoner, involved in a rebellion. Thayer’s Lexicon describes him as a criminal, which juxtaposes his release with the crucifixion of Jesus, who was innocent. Vine’s Expository Dictionary emphasizes the ironic nature of his name given the situation, as “son of the father” was released while the spiritual “Son of the Father” was crucified. LSJ does not specifically mention Barabbas due to its focus on classical usage, while Strong’s Exhaustive points to the social and political implications of his release.

Biblical references:

• Matthew 27:16-17: Known as a notorious prisoner, Barabbas was chosen by the crowd to be released instead of Jesus.
• Mark 15:7: Described as someone who took part in an insurrection and committed murder.
• John 18:40: Called a robber, his release over Jesus is highlighted as a pivotal moment in the crucifixion narrative.

3. Classical Usage

While Barabbas does not appear in classical Greek literature, given its specific contextual usage in the New Testament, the implications of his name and role reflect a deep literary device used to contrast themes of justice, mercy, and irony. The narrative serves as a powerful tool for theological reflection about innocence and guilt, sacrifice, and the concept of substitutionary atonement within Christian teachings.

4. Summary

Βαραββᾶς (Barabbas) is a figure that encapsulates the complexity of biblical narratives, intertwining legal, social, and theological themes. His release over Jesus Christ, who is called the “Son of the Father,” presents a profound irony that challenges readers to consider deeper meanings of justice and redemption. The name Barabbas itself, meaning “son of the father,” adds a layer of literary irony to the narrative, making his story a crucial part of Christian theological discussions on the nature of sin and redemption.