G905

1. Overview

βάλλω (Ballō) primarily means “to throw” or “to cast.” This verb encompasses a wide range of actions involving projecting something with force, from throwing stones to casting lots or even hurling words in a metaphorical sense. Its usage is quite diverse in the Greek language, underscoring actions that imply both physical and figurative throwing.

2. Lexical Details

According to BDAG, ballō is used extensively across the New Testament and classical Greek to denote physical throwing. It can also imply a more gentle action like laying something down, or it can be used metaphorically, such as throwing someone into confusion. Thayers points out that its use extends to expressing abrupt movement or action. Vines expands on the nuances of its metaphorical usage, especially in the context of divine actions or judgements. LSJ highlights its usage in military contexts, often describing the act of launching attacks or missiles.

Biblical references:

• Matthew 4:6: Satan urges Jesus to throw Himself down from the temple.
• John 8:7: Jesus challenges those without sin to cast the first stone.
• Revelation 12:9: The great dragon was hurled down to the earth.

3. Classical Usage

In classical Greek literature, ballō appears frequently:

• In Homer’s Odyssey, it describes Odysseus throwing his staff.
• In Herodotus’ Histories, soldiers are described as throwing spears in battle.
• In Euripides’ plays, characters often throw objects in anger or distress, symbolizing emotional turmoil or conflict.

4. Summary

The verb βάλλω (Ballō) is foundational in both biblical and classical texts, serving as a bridge between physical action and metaphorical expression. Its versatility in describing a range of actions from the violent to the subtle makes it a potent word in storytelling and doctrinal teaching. In scriptural contexts, it is particularly powerful in illustrating themes of judgement, action, and consequence, often inviting readers to reflect on the impact of their actions, whether literal or figurative. This verb not only captures the essence of dynamic movement but also enriches the narrative layers of the texts in which it appears, making it a vivid and impactful element of Greek linguistic heritage.