1. Brief Overview
The Greek word ἀψίνθιον (apsinthion), transliterated as “apsinthion,” refers to “wormwood,” a plant known for its bitter taste. This term encapsulates the qualities of bitterness and unpalatability, often used metaphorically to describe experiences or substances that are exceedingly bitter.

2. Detailed Lexical Analysis
BDAG highlights ἀψίνθιον as a symbol of bitterness and sorrow, reflecting its usage in biblical texts to represent bitter and painful experiences. Thayer’s Greek Lexicon aligns with this interpretation, emphasizing the metaphorical use of the term in scriptural contexts. Vines Expository Dictionary discusses the symbolic implications of wormwood in prophetic literature, linking it to judgment and calamity. LSJ extends this usage to classical Greek, where it was often literal but also metaphorically for anything deeply unpleasant. In the Bible, ἀψίνθιον appears in Revelation 8:11, describing a star named Wormwood that falls from the sky and turns a third of the waters bitter, causing many deaths.

3. Classical Greek Usage
In classical Greek literature, ἀψίνθιον is utilized in various contexts:

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• Medical texts often reference it for its properties and uses in traditional remedies, particularly for its bitterness.
• Poetic and literary sources sometimes use it symbolically to represent bitterness in life or relationships.
• Philosophical discussions might employ ἀψίνθιον metaphorically to discuss the bitter aspects of human experience or the consequences of certain actions up to the year 100AD.

4. Summary
ἀψίνθιον (G894) primarily denotes the plant wormwood, known for its bitter taste, and is symbolically used to describe experiences marked by profound bitterness. This term’s use in both religious texts and classical literature underscores its dual role as both a physical substance and a metaphor for life’s harsher realities. The exploration through various lexicons reveals its thematic significance in illustrating the starkness of judgment and the depth of human suffering, providing a rich tapestry of meanings that enhance our understanding of ancient texts.