Pronunciation Guide: ah-del-FAY

Basic Definition

Strong’s G79: A female sibling or sister, extending beyond biological relationships to encompass spiritual kinship within the body of believers. This term carries deep significance in expressing the intimate familial bonds formed through faith in the Messiah Jesus.

Etymology and Morphology

• Part of Speech: Feminine Noun
• Root: From ἀ- (copulative) and δελφύς (womb)
• Language Origin: Classical Greek
• Primary Usage: Narrative, epistolary literature, and teaching passages

Word Morphology:

• ἀδελφή (nominative singular) – sister
• ἀδελφῆς (genitive singular) – of a sister
• ἀδελφῇ (dative singular) – to/for a sister
• ἀδελφήν (accusative singular) – sister (direct object)
• ἀδελφαί (nominative plural) – sisters
• ἀδελφῶν (genitive plural) – of sisters
• ἀδελφαῖς (dative plural) – to/for sisters
• ἀδελφάς (accusative plural) – sisters (direct object)

Word Origin & History

The term ἀδελφή emerged from classical Greek, derived from the combination of ἀ- (copulative prefix meaning “united”) and δελφύς (“womb”), literally meaning “from the same womb.” In ancient Greek literature, Sophocles employs this word powerfully in “Antigone” where the protagonist’s identity as a sister drives the entire narrative. The term evolved beyond mere biological relationships to encompass deeper bonds of loyalty and shared values, as seen in Plato’s “Republic” where he discusses the concept of spiritual sisterhood in ideal societies.

Homer’s usage in the Iliad demonstrates how ἀδελφή carried connotations of protective care and sacrificial love between siblings, themes that would later resonate deeply in New Testament teachings about Christian fellowship.

Expanded Definitions & Translation Options

• A female sibling related by blood
• A female believer united in faith
• A woman sharing common ancestry, beliefs, or purpose
• A term of endearment expressing spiritual kinship
• A female member of the Christian community

Translation Options:

1. “Sister” – Most direct equivalent, appropriate for both biological and spiritual contexts
2. “Sister in the faith” – Captures the spiritual dimension in ecclesiastical contexts
3. “Sister in the Messiah” – Emphasizes the Christian familial bond through Jesus

Biblical Usage

In the New Testament, ἀδελφή appears 24 times, predominantly in contexts emphasizing spiritual family relationships within the early church. The term takes on profound theological significance in passages where Jesus redefines family bonds based on spiritual rather than biological relationships. The Apostle Paul’s usage particularly emphasizes the dignity and equality of women within the Christian community.

In the Septuagint, ἀδελφή appears in narratives highlighting both biological sisterhood and metaphorical relationships, particularly in the Song of Solomon where it represents intimate spiritual connection.

Key References:

• “[Martha] had a sister [ἀδελφή] called Mary” Luke 10:39
• “If a sister [ἀδελφή] is naked and destitute” James 2:15
• “I commend to you our sister [ἀδελφήν] Phoebe” Romans 16:1
• “Whoever does the will of My Father… is My brother and sister [ἀδελφή]” Matthew 12:50
• “Apphia our sister [ἀδελφῇ]” Philemon 1:2

Cultural Insights

In the first-century Mediterranean world, the concept of sister carried significant social implications. While Roman society often marginalized women’s roles, the early Christian church elevated the status of sisters in the faith to equal standing with brothers. The term ἀδελφή became a powerful marker of this revolutionary social change, as evidenced by early Christian documents showing women serving as deacons and house church leaders.

The use of familial terminology in religious contexts wasn’t unique to Christianity – mystery religions used similar language – but the Christian understanding of ἀδελφή was distinctive in its emphasis on genuine spiritual equality and shared inheritance in the Messiah.

Theological Significance

The use of ἀδελφή in Scripture reveals God’s heart for inclusion and equality within His family. When Jesus refers to women as sisters, He elevates their status and dignity in a culture that often diminished female worth. This terminology reflects the profound truth that in God’s kingdom, spiritual bonds transcend biological, social, and cultural barriers.

The term also points to the transformative nature of salvation, where believers are adopted into God’s family not just as servants but as beloved children, with all the rights and privileges of true family members. This understanding of spiritual sisterhood provides a powerful framework for understanding church relationships and mutual care within the body of believers.

Personal Application

Understanding the depth of meaning in ἀδελφή challenges us to examine our own attitudes toward fellow believers. Do we truly treat our sisters in faith as family members, sharing in their joys and sorrows? This word calls us to move beyond superficial church relationships into deep, authentic community marked by sacrificial love and mutual support.

In a world of increasing isolation, embracing our identity as spiritual sisters and brothers offers a powerful antidote to loneliness and disconnection. It reminds us that in the Messiah, we are never truly alone but part of a global family united by bonds stronger than blood.

Related Words

• ἀδελφός (adelphos) [ah-del-FOS] – brother, male sibling, fellow believer. See G80
• φιλαδελφία (philadelphia) [fil-ah-del-FEE-ah] – brotherly love, sibling affection. See G5360
• συγγενής (syggenēs) [soong-ghen-ACE] – relative, kinsman/woman. See G4773
• οἰκεῖος (oikeios) [oy-KAY-os] – household member, family member. See G3609

Did you Know?

• The term ἀδελφή was revolutionary in early Christian communities as it gave women equal standing in spiritual family relationships, contrasting sharply with both Jewish and Greco-Roman cultural norms of the time.
• Archaeological evidence from early Christian catacombs shows inscriptions using ἀδελφή to honor women who served as leaders and benefactors in the early church, demonstrating how the term represented both spiritual and practical authority.
• Modern Greek still uses ἀδελφή in both religious and secular contexts, particularly in Orthodox Christianity where nuns are addressed as “Sister” (Αδελφή), maintaining this ancient connection between biological and spiritual sisterhood.

Remember This

In ἀδελφή, we discover God’s blueprint for authentic Christian community where spiritual bonds transcend blood ties, creating a family united by faith, sustained by love, and empowered for service.