1. Brief Overview:

Transliteration: archaíos

Root Words:

• ἀρχαῖος (archaíos): Derived from ἀρχή (archē) meaning “beginning” or “origin.”

Primary Meanings:

• Ancient: Refers to something that is old or from a distant time in the past.
• Of Old: Can denote something that pertains to or is characteristic of an earlier period or era.
• Elderly: Used to describe someone who is advanced in age.

2. Detailed Description:

BDAG: BDAG defines ἀρχαῖος as “ancient” or “old,” emphasizing its use to describe things or persons from a distant past or early time. It can also imply something venerable or esteemed because of its age.

Thayer’s: Thayer’s Greek Lexicon describes ἀρχαῖος as “ancient” or “old,” focusing on its application to things that are old in time or long-established. It conveys a sense of age that is significant in historical or traditional contexts.

Vines: Vines’ Expository Dictionary identifies ἀρχαῖος as “ancient” or “of old,” highlighting its use to refer to something venerable due to its long-standing existence or historical significance.

LSJ: The LSJ Lexicon supports the definition of ἀρχαῖος as “ancient” or “old,” with emphasis on its application to things that are from an early period and often respected due to their antiquity.

Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance: Strong’s defines ἀρχαῖος as “ancient” or “old,” noting that it describes things that are from a bygone era or are considered venerable because of their age.

Bible Verses:

• Matthew 13:52 (KJV): “Then said he unto them, Therefore every scribe which is instructed unto the kingdom of heaven is like unto a man that is an householder, which bringeth forth out of his treasure things new and old.”
• ἀρχαῖος is used to describe things that are “old,” contrasting them with “new” things.
• 2 Timothy 3:15 (KJV): “And that from a child thou hast known the holy scriptures, which are able to make thee wise unto salvation through faith which is in Christ Jesus.”
• In this context, ἀρχαῖος is used to refer to the “ancient” scriptures known since childhood.

3. Usage in Classic Greek Literature:

In classical Greek literature, ἀρχαῖος is used to describe things or concepts that are old or from an earlier time. It is often applied to objects, traditions, or people that are venerable due to their age.

• Homer’s Iliad: The term is used to refer to things from the past, including ancient traditions and legends that are respected for their age.
• Herodotus’ Histories: The term describes ancient customs and practices of different cultures, reflecting their long-standing nature.
• Plato’s Republic: The word is used to denote ancient laws and societal structures that are considered old but foundational.

4. Summary:

ἀρχαῖος (G744: archaíos) refers to things or people that are “ancient,” “old,” or from an earlier period. Derived from ἀρχή (beginning), it conveys a sense of age and venerability. BDAG, Thayer’s, Vines, and Strong’s all affirm its meaning related to age and historical significance. Biblical usage includes references to things that are old or venerable, while classical Greek literature uses it to describe ancient traditions, customs, and objects.