Strong’s G5460: This adjective derives from φῶς (light), describing that which is full of light, bright, or luminous. In biblical usage, it metaphorically represents spiritual illumination, clarity of understanding, and moral purity that comes from divine light.

U – Unveiling the Word

φωτεινός represents more than mere physical brightness – it embodies the transformative nature of divine illumination. As an adjective derived from φῶς (light), it describes a state of being thoroughly pervaded by light, leaving no room for darkness. In New Testament usage, it carries profound theological significance, particularly in Jesus’ teachings about spiritual discernment and moral clarity. The early church fathers often used this word to describe the illuminating work of the Holy Spirit in believers’ hearts and minds. Today, it continues to remind us that true spiritual understanding comes from being filled with God’s light, transforming our perception and understanding of His truth.

N – Necessary Information

• Greek Word: φωτεινός, photeinos, fo-ti-NOS
• Pronunciation: fō-tā-nos’ (with emphasis on final syllable)
• Part of Speech: Adjective

Etymology:

• φῶς (phōs) – root word meaning “light”
• -εινος (-einos) – adjectival suffix indicating “full of” or “characterized by”
  The combination creates the meaning “full of light” or “bright”

D – Defining Meanings

• Bright, full of light
• Clearly illuminated
• Radiant, luminous

For compound words:
The root φῶς carries the primary meaning of light, while the suffix -εινος transforms it into an adjective indicating something characterized by or full of that quality.

Translation Options:

• “Full of light” – best captures the complete saturation of light implied by the suffix
• “Radiant” – conveys both physical and metaphorical brightness
• “Luminous” – emphasizes the quality of giving off light

E – Exploring Similar Words

• φωτίζω (photizō) [fo-tid’-zo] – to illuminate, give light to See G5461
• φῶς (phōs) [fōs] – light See G5457
• λαμπρός (lampros) [lam-pros’] – bright, magnificent See G2986

R – Reviewing the Word’s Morphology

• Case: Nominative, Genitive, Dative, Accusative
• Number: Singular, Plural
• Gender: Masculine, Feminine, Neuter
• Declension: Second declension

Example morphological changes:

• Nominative singular masculine: φωτεινός
• Genitive singular masculine: φωτεινοῦ
• Accusative plural neuter: φωτεινά

S – Studying Lexicon Insights

φωτεινός represents a comprehensive state of illumination, as noted in BDAG’s emphasis on its connection to both physical and spiritual light. Thayer’s lexicon highlights its metaphorical usage in describing spiritual understanding and moral clarity. LSJ provides evidence of its usage in classical Greek literature to describe both natural light and divine illumination. Vine’s emphasizes its connection to moral purity and spiritual discernment. The word appears in contexts where complete illumination is emphasized, suggesting not just partial light but thorough brightness. Moulton and Milligan’s papyri findings confirm its use in describing both literal brightness and metaphorical clarity.

T – Tracing the Scriptures

First appearance:
“The eye is the lamp of the body. If your eye is healthy, your whole body will be full of [φωτεινός] light.” Matthew 6:22

Additional References:
Matthew 17:5
Luke 11:34
Luke 11:36

A – Analyzing Classical Usage

N – Noteworthy Summary

φωτεινός beautifully captures the transformative power of divine light in our lives. When used in the New Testament, it points to more than physical brightness – it describes the state of being thoroughly illuminated by God’s truth. This word reminds us that when we allow the Messiah’s light to fill us completely, we become radiant with His presence. The good news is that through faith in Him, we can be transformed from darkness to light, becoming vessels that reflect His glory and truth to others.

D – Did You Know?

• φωτεινός appears in ancient medical texts describing the clarity of healthy eyes
• The word was used in early Christian baptismal liturgies to describe the spiritual illumination of new believers
• Ancient Greek astronomers used φωτεινός to describe particularly bright celestial bodies

Strong’s G5460: φωτεινός derives from φῶς (light), describing that which is full of light, bright, or luminous. In biblical usage, it metaphorically represents spiritual illumination, clarity of understanding, and moral purity that comes from divine light.

Part of speech: Adjective

Tags: light, illumination, brightness, spiritual-understanding, clarity, divine-light, radiance, spiritual-discernment, moral-purity, transformation​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​