Strong’s G5258: A primary noun denoting natural sleep or slumber. In biblical usage, it often appears in contexts where God communicates through dreams and visions, highlighting sleep as a potential state for divine revelation and guidance.

U- Unveiling the Word

ὕπνος (hypnos) represents more than mere physical sleep in biblical usage. While it primarily denotes natural slumber, it often appears in contexts where God communicates with His people, as in Matthew 1:24 where Joseph receives divine guidance through an angel. The early church recognized sleep as a potential state for divine revelation, while also using it metaphorically to discuss spiritual alertness versus lethargy. Today, this word reminds us that God can speak to us in various states and that spiritual alertness is crucial for discerning His voice.

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N – Necessary Information

• Greek Word: ὕπνος, hypnos, HOOP-nos
• Detailed Pronunciation: hoop (as in “hoop”) + nos (as in “nose”)
• Part of Speech: Noun

Etymology:

• Primary root word, related to Latin “somnus”
• Forms basis for English words like “hypnosis”

D – Defining Meanings

• Natural sleep
• State of slumber
• Drowsiness

For compound words:
Not a compound word, but serves as root for compounds

Translation Options:

• “Sleep” – captures basic physical state
• “Slumber” – poetic alternative emphasizing restfulness
• “Deep sleep” – emphasizes intensity when context requires

E – Exploring Similar Words

• καθεύδω (katheudō, kath-YOO-doh) – “to sleep, be asleep” – verbal form
  See G2518
• κοιμάω (koimaō, koy-MAH-oh) – “to sleep, fall asleep” – often euphemistic for death
  See G2837
• νυστάζω (nystazō, noos-TAD-zo) – “to nod in sleep, be drowsy”
  See G3573

R – Reviewing the Word’s Morphology

As a noun, ὕπνος exhibits these features:

• Case: Nominative, Genitive, Dative, or Accusative
• Number: Singular or Plural
• Gender: Masculine
• Declension: Second

Examples of morphological changes:

• Nominative singular: ὕπνος
• Genitive singular: ὕπνου
• Dative singular: ὕπνῳ
• Accusative singular: ὕπνον
• Plural forms adjust accordingly

S – Studying Lexicon Insights

The lexicons provide rich insights into ὕπνος. BDAG emphasizes its basic meaning of natural sleep while noting its use in contexts of divine revelation. Thayer’s highlights its metaphorical usage for spiritual drowsiness. LSJ traces its development in classical Greek, including medical contexts. Vine’s notes its distinction from words implying death. Strong’s identifies it as a primary word related to “suspense.” Moulton and Milligan document its common usage in papyri, particularly in medical contexts and dream accounts.

T – Tracing the Scriptures

First appearance:
Matthew 1:24: “Then Joseph, being aroused from [ὕπνος] sleep, did as the angel of the Lord commanded him and took to him his wife.”

Additional References:
John 11:13
Acts 20:9
Romans 13:11

A – Analyzing Classical Usage

N – Noteworthy Summary

ὕπνος reveals both the vulnerability and receptivity of human nature. In Scripture, it often marks moments of divine intervention and guidance, reminding us that God can speak even in our most passive states. The good news is that King Jesus remains active and sovereign even when we rest, and calls us to spiritual alertness while providing the rest we need. This balance of divine care and human responsibility reflects the beautiful partnership between God and His people.

D – Did You Know?

• ὕπνος gives us the English term “hypnosis”
• Ancient Greek medical texts used ὕπνος in discussions of healing
• The word appears in multiple accounts of divine revelation in Scripture

Strong’s G5258: A primary noun denoting natural sleep or slumber. In biblical usage, it often appears in contexts where God communicates through dreams and visions, highlighting sleep as a potential state for divine revelation and guidance.

Part of speech: Noun

Tags: sleep, dreams, visions, divine revelation, rest, spiritual alertness, physical state, divine communication, natural processes, human condition​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​