Strong’s G5197: From ὑβρίζω (hubrizó); an insolent person who delights in wanton violence, characterized by audacious pride and outrageous treatment of others. Someone who derives pleasure from violating and disgracing others, stemming from overweening pride and contempt.

U- Unveiling the Word

The term ὑβριστής encapsulates more than mere arrogance; it describes someone consumed by violent pride that manifests in cruel actions toward others. This destructive behavior stems from a heart that exalts itself against both fellow humans and God Himself. In ancient Greek culture, hybris was considered one of the gravest moral failures, representing the height of human arrogance that inevitably invited divine judgment. The early church recognized this term as particularly relevant in describing the aggressive opposition to the gospel and those who persecuted believers. Today, it serves as a powerful reminder of humanity’s fundamental sin problem – the prideful rebellion against God’s authority that began in Eden and continues to manifest in various forms of violence and oppression.

N – Necessary Information

• Greek Word: ὑβριστής, hybristes, /hoo-BRIS-tace/
• Detailed pronunciation: hoo (as in “who”) – BRIS (like “breeze”) – tace (rhymes with “face”)
• Part of Speech: Noun (Masculine)

Etymology:

• Root: ὑβρ- (hubr-) meaning “wanton violence, insolence”
• Suffix: -ιστής (-istes) denoting the agent or doer
• Combined meaning: “one who commits acts of wanton violence or insolence”

D – Defining Meanings

• Primary meanings:

1. An insolent, violent person
2. One who delights in wanton violence
3. A person characterized by outrageous pride leading to violence
4. An perpetrator of shameful treatment of others

For compound words: The suffix -ιστής indicates the person performing the action, while the root ὑβρ- carries the meaning of violent insolence.

Translation Options:

1. “Insolent person” – captures the pride aspect but may miss the violent component
2. “Violent aggressor” – emphasizes the action but might understate the pride element
3. “Prideful abuser” – balances both the attitude and resulting behavior

E – Exploring Similar Words

• ὑβρίζω (hybrizo) /hoo-BRID-zo/ – the verb form meaning “to treat with insolence” See G5195
• ὕβρις (hybris) /HOO-bris/ – the abstract noun meaning “insolence, pride” See G5196
• ἀλαζών (alazon) /al-ad-ZONE/ – a boaster, but without necessarily the violent aspect See G213

R – Reviewing the Word’s Morphology

Noun Features:

• Case: Nominative, Accusative, Genitive, Dative
• Number: Singular and Plural
• Gender: Masculine
• Declension: First and Third mixed

The word follows first declension patterns in singular and third declension in plural:
Singular: ὑβριστής, ὑβριστήν, ὑβριστοῦ, ὑβριστῇ
Plural: ὑβρισταί, ὑβριστάς, ὑβριστῶν, ὑβρισταῖς

S – Studying Lexicon Insights

The major lexicons present ὑβριστής as one of the strongest terms for human pride and its violent manifestations. BDAG emphasizes its connection to shameful treatment of others, while Thayer’s highlights the pleasure the ὑβριστής takes in violating others’ dignity. LSJ provides extensive classical examples showing its usage in contexts of serious moral failure. Vine’s connects it to the pattern of human rebellion against God, while Moulton and Milligan’s papyri evidence shows its use in legal contexts describing violent criminals. The word appears in contexts of serious moral condemnation, often alongside other terms for extreme wickedness.

T – Tracing the Scriptures

First appearance:
Romans 1:30: “backbiters, haters of God, despiteful [ὑβριστής], proud, boasters, inventors of evil things, disobedient to parents”

Additional References:
1 Timothy 1:13

A – Analyzing Classical Usage

N – Noteworthy Summary

The term ὑβριστής represents one of the most severe indictments of human pride in the New Testament. It describes not just an attitude but the violent actions that flow from a heart in rebellion against God. Paul uses it to describe his own pre-conversion state, highlighting the transformative power of the gospel. The good news is that even the most violently proud person can be transformed by God’s grace, as demonstrated by Paul’s own dramatic conversion from being an ὑβριστής to becoming a humble servant of King Jesus.

D – Did You Know?

1. The English word “hubris” derives from the same root as ὑβριστής
2. In ancient Athens, there were specific legal charges for ὕβρις (the noun form)
3. The word appears in Greek translations of the Old Testament to describe particularly egregious sins against God

Strong’s G5197: From ὑβρίζω (hubrizó); an insolent person who delights in wanton violence, characterized by audacious pride and outrageous treatment of others. Someone who derives pleasure from violating and disgracing others, stemming from overweening pride and contempt.

Part of speech: Noun (Masculine)

Tags: pride, violence, sin, rebellion, insolence, persecution, transformation, Paul, Romans, character, Greek culture, hubris, moral failure, divine judgment, conversion​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​