Strong’s G5195: From ὕβρις (insolence); to exercise violence, to treat shamefully or spitefully. Used in the New Testament to describe persecution of believers and the Messiah, highlighting the contrast between worldly opposition and divine vindication.

U – Unveiling the Word

ὑβρίζω represents acts of deliberate insult, violence, or shameful treatment toward others. In the New Testament, it appears in contexts of persecution against believers and the Messiah Himself, carrying deep theological significance. The word encompasses not just physical violence but also intentional dishonor and humiliation. The early church saw in this term both the reality of persecution and the promise of divine vindication, as the very ones who were “treated shamefully” would be glorified by God. Today, it reminds us that opposition to faith often involves both physical and social dimensions, while assuring us of God’s ultimate vindication.

N – Necessary Information

• Greek Word: ὑβρίζω, hybrizō, /hyˈbri.zoː/
• Pronunciation: hoo-BREE-zoh
• Part of Speech: Verb

Etymology:

• Root: ὑβρ- (hybr-) from ὕβρις meaning “insolence”
• Suffix: -ίζω (-izō) forming verbs
• Function: Indicates action of treating with insolence

D – Defining Meanings

• To treat shamefully
• To insult violently
• To abuse
• To humiliate intentionally

For compound words: Not applicable as ὑβρίζω is not a compound word

Translation Options:

• “To mistreat” – General sense of abuse
• “To shame violently” – Combines violence and dishonor
• “To persecute” – Contextual religious meaning

E – Exploring Similar Words

• διώκω (diōkō, /diˈoː.koː/) – to persecute See G1377
• ἀτιμάζω (atimazō, /a.tiˈma.zoː/) – to dishonor See G818
• λοιδορέω (loidoreō, /loi.doˈre.oː/) – to revile See G3058

R – Reviewing the Word’s Morphology

Verb Features:

• Tense: Present, Future, Aorist
• Voice: Active, Passive
• Mood: Indicative, Infinitive, Participle
• Person: First, Second, Third
• Number: Singular, Plural
• Aspect: Continuous, Punctiliar

Examples:

• Present Active: ὑβρίζω (I mistreat)
• Aorist Active: ὕβρισα (I mistreated)
• Present Passive: ὑβρίζομαι (I am being mistreated)

S – Studying Lexicon Insights

Lexical sources reveal the comprehensive nature of ὑβρίζω. BDAG emphasizes its connection to both physical and verbal abuse. Thayer’s notes its origin in the concept of crossing boundaries of acceptable behavior. LSJ documents its use in legal contexts for assault. Vine’s highlights its religious persecution context. Strong’s connects it to pride-based violence. Moulton and Milligan show its use in formal complaints of mistreatment. The word carries the idea of deliberate, prideful violation of another’s dignity.

T – Tracing the Scriptures

First Appearance:
Matthew 22:6: “And the rest seized his servants, treated them spitefully [ὑβρίζω], and killed them.”

Additional References:
Luke 18:32, Acts 14:5, 1 Thessalonians 2:2

A – Analyzing Classical Usage

N – Noteworthy Summary

ὑβρίζω powerfully illustrates the opposition faced by believers while pointing to ultimate victory in the Messiah. The word reminds us that just as King Jesus endured shameful treatment yet was vindicated through resurrection, His followers can expect both persecution and ultimate triumph. The good news shines through as we realize that those who suffer for His name share in both His sufferings and His glory.

D – Did You Know?

1. The English word “hubris” derives from the same root
2. Ancient Greek law had specific penalties for ὕβρις (assault with intent to shame)
3. Early martyrdom accounts frequently used this word to describe persecution

Strong’s G5195: A verb denoting intentional, prideful mistreatment of others, used in the New Testament to describe persecution of believers and the Messiah, highlighting both the reality of opposition and the promise of divine vindication.

Part of speech: Verb

Tags: persecution, mistreatment, suffering, vindication, martyrdom, opposition, shame, violence, persecution, divine justice, triumph, resurrection​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​