Strong’s G5004: A noun meaning “misery, distress, wretchedness,” ταλαιπωρία describes the profound suffering caused by sin. In the New Testament, it illustrates both the devastating consequences of rebellion and the temporal judgment that awaits the unrepentant.

U- Unveiling the Word

ταλαιπωρία represents the deep wretchedness and misery that characterizes life apart from God. In its New Testament contexts, it appears both in Paul’s devastating diagnosis of human sinfulness and James’ warning to the unrepentant wealthy, describing the trail of destruction left by those who reject divine truth. The early church recognized this term as powerfully expressing both the objective condition and subjective experience of life under sin’s dominion. Today, it continues to serve as a stark reminder of sin’s destructive power while simultaneously highlighting the magnificence of God’s redemptive solution in the Messiah.

N – Necessary Information

• Greek Word: ταλαιπωρία, talaipōria, /ta-lai-po-REE-ah/
• Phonetic Guide: “ta” as in “father,” “lai” as in “lie,” “po” as in “pole,” “ree” as in “reed,” “ah” as in “father”
• Part of Speech: Noun (Feminine)

Etymology:

• From ταλαίπωρος (talaipōros) – adjective meaning “wretched”
• -ία (-ia) – abstract noun suffix indicating state or condition

D – Defining Meanings

• Misery
• Distress
• Wretchedness

For compound words:
Not a compound word, but derived from ταλαίπωρος with abstract noun suffix -ία

Translation Options:

• Misery – emphasizes emotional state
• Wretchedness – captures total condition
• Distress – highlights active suffering

E – Exploring Similar Words

• ταλαιπωρέω (talaipōreō) /ta-lai-po-REH-o/ – “to be wretched” as a verb
  See G5003
• θλῖψις (thlipsis) /THLIP-sis/ – “tribulation” – focuses more on external pressure
  See G2347

R – Reviewing the Word’s Morphology

Morphological Features:

• Case: Varies (Nominative, Genitive, etc.)
• Number: Singular/Plural
• Gender: Feminine
• Declension: First

As a feminine noun, it follows first declension patterns. In English translations, it appears as “misery” (singular) or “miseries” (plural), with possessive forms “misery’s” and “miseries'” respectively.

• Cross-references: ταλαίπωρος (talaipōros) – “wretched”

S – Studying Lexicon Insights

BDAG emphasizes ταλαιπωρία’s role in describing both the devastating effects of sin and divine judgment on human life and society. Thayer’s traces its development from describing physical hardship to encompassing moral and spiritual wretchedness. LSJ documents its use in classical Greek for both individual and collective suffering. Vine’s notes its appearance in both Romans’ indictment of human sin and James’ warning to the wealthy, showing its role in demonstrating universal need for repentance. Strong’s connects it to concepts of bearing burdens and enduring hardship. Moulton and Milligan provide evidence of its use in papyri describing various forms of human suffering.

T – Tracing the Scriptures

First Appearance:
Romans 3:16: “Destruction and [ταλαιπωρία] misery are in their ways.”

Additional References:
James 5:1

A – Analyzing Classical Usage

N – Noteworthy Summary

ταλαιπωρία powerfully illustrates the devastating reality of life apart from God. This word appears in both Paul’s diagnosis of human sinfulness and James’ warning to the unrepentant wealthy, revealing both the objective fact and subjective experience of sin’s destruction. The good news shines through as we realize that the Messiah entered our wretchedness to transform it. His redemption doesn’t merely address surface problems but reaches into the depths of human misery to bring complete restoration.

D – Did You Know?

1. The term was used in ancient medical texts to describe severe physical conditions.
2. It appears in the Septuagint to translate Hebrew terms for national devastation.
3. Early church fathers used this word when describing the state from which the Messiah saves us.

Strong’s G5004: A noun meaning “misery, distress, wretchedness,” ταλαιπωρία describes the profound suffering caused by sin. In the New Testament, it illustrates both the devastating consequences of rebellion and the temporal judgment that awaits the unrepentant.

Part of speech: Noun (Feminine)

Tags: misery, wretchedness, sin’s effects, human condition, suffering, divine redemption, spiritual state, moral corruption, salvation need, restoration​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​