Strong’s G4983: From a primary root meaning wholeness, σῶμα describes the physical body as God’s temple and the church as the Messiah’s body. This term emphasizes both individual sanctity and corporate unity in Him.

U- Unveiling the Word

σῶμα carries profound theological significance in depicting both the individual physical body and the corporate body of believers. In individual contexts, it emphasizes the body’s sanctity as God’s temple. Corporately, it represents the church as the Messiah’s body. The early church saw in this term the inseparable connection between physical and spiritual reality, and the unity of believers in the Messiah. Today, it continues to teach us about bodily stewardship and ecclesiastical unity.

N – Necessary Information

• Greek Word: σῶμα, sóma, /sō’-mä/
• Pronunciation Guide: “SOH-mah” (stress on first syllable)
• Part of Speech: Noun

Etymology:

• Primary noun possibly related to σῶς (sós) meaning “whole”
• Connected to σωματικός (sómatikos) meaning “bodily”
• Root meaning suggesting completeness or integrity

D – Defining Meanings

• Physical body
• Corporate body
• Living organism
• Whole person

Translation Options:

• “Body” – Best captures both physical and corporate meanings
• “Physical frame” – Emphasizes material aspect
• “Organism” – Highlights living unity aspect

E – Exploring Similar Words

• σάρξ (sarx) /särks/ – flesh – See G4561
• μέλος (melos) /me’-los/ – member – See G3196
• ναός (naos) /nä-os’/ – temple – See G3485

R – Reviewing the Word’s Morphology

As a noun, σῶμα exhibits:

• Case: Nominative, Genitive, Dative, Accusative
• Number: Singular, Plural
• Gender: Neuter
• Declension: Third

Examples:

• Nominative: σῶμα (body)
• Genitive: σώματος (of body)
• Dative: σώματι (to/for body)
• Plural: σώματα (bodies)

S – Studying Lexicon Insights

BDAG emphasizes both physical and metaphorical uses. Thayer’s notes its development in Christian thought. LSJ documents its classical usage. Vine’s connects it to ecclesiology. Strong’s highlights its wholeness aspect. Moulton and Milligan note its broad application in ancient texts.

T – Tracing the Scriptures

First appearance:
Matthew 5:29: “If your right eye causes you to stumble, gouge it out and throw it away. It is better for you to lose one part of your [σῶμα] body than for your whole body to be thrown into hell.”

Additional References:

• Matthew 26:26
• Romans 12:1
• 1 Corinthians 6:19
• 1 Corinthians 12:27
• Ephesians 1:23
• Colossians 1:18

A – Analyzing Classical Usage

N – Noteworthy Summary

σῶμα reveals that our physical bodies matter to God and that we are united as one body in the Messiah. This word proclaims the good news that the Messiah sanctifies both our individual bodies and unites us corporately as His body, the church.

D – Did You Know?

• Paul uses σῶμα more than any other New Testament writer
• Ancient Greek philosophers debated the body-soul relationship using this term
• It appears in both sacramental and ecclesiological contexts

Strong’s G4983: From a primary root meaning wholeness, σῶμα describes the physical body as God’s temple and the church as the Messiah’s body. This term emphasizes both individual sanctity and corporate unity in Him.

Part of speech: Noun

Tags: body, temple, church unity, incarnation, physical sanctity, ecclesiology, corporate identity, physical stewardship, sacramental theology, bodily resurrection​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​