Strong’s G4465: A compound noun literally meaning “rod-holder,” referring to a Roman lictor who carried fasces (bundles of rods) as symbols of official authority. In New Testament usage, describes Roman civil officers who maintained order and executed magistrates’ sentences.

U- Unveiling the Word

ῥαβδοῦχος represents a specific role in Roman civil administration, describing the lictor who carried the fasces (bundle of rods) symbolizing official authority and power to punish. In New Testament usage, it appears in Acts during Paul’s imprisonment in Philippi, highlighting the intersection of Roman authority with early Christian ministry. Early church writers saw in these encounters the contrast between earthly and divine authority. Today, this word reminds us of the historical context of early Christian persecution and the relationship between church and state.

N – Necessary Information

• Greek Word: ῥαβδοῦχος, rhabdouchos, /rabˈdukhos/
• Pronunciation Guide: “rahb-DOO-khos” (stress on second syllable)
• Part of Speech: Noun (masculine)

Etymology:

• Component: ῥάβδος (rhabdos) meaning “rod”
• Component: ἔχω (echō) meaning “to hold”
• Compound literally meaning “rod-holder”

D – Defining Meanings

• Roman lictor
• Rod-bearer
• Civil enforcement officer
• Official magistrate’s attendant

For compound words:
ῥαβδος (rod) + ἔχω (to hold) combines to describe the official who carries the rod of authority

Translation Options:

• Lictor – Most precise historical term
• Officer – General modern equivalent
• Magistrate’s attendant – Descriptive translation

E – Exploring Similar Words

• ὑπηρέτης (hupēretēs) /hypeˈretes/ – officer, assistant – See G5257
• στρατηγός (stratēgos) /straˈtegos/ – magistrate, commander – See G4755
• φύλαξ (phulax) /ˈfylaks/ – guard, keeper – See G5441

R – Reviewing the Word’s Morphology

Morphological Features (Noun):

• Case: Nominative, Genitive, Dative, Accusative
• Number: Singular, Plural
• Gender: Masculine
• Declension: Second

Examples:

• Nominative: ῥαβδοῦχος (lictor)
• Genitive: ῥαβδούχου (of a lictor)
• Dative: ῥαβδούχῳ (to/for a lictor)
• Accusative: ῥαβδοῦχον (lictor as object)

S – Studying Lexicon Insights

BDAG emphasizes its specific reference to Roman lictors. Thayer’s notes its compound nature and official function. LSJ provides examples from Roman administrative contexts. Vine’s highlights its role in civil authority. Strong’s connects it to law enforcement. LEH traces similar terms in Hellenistic literature. Moulton and Milligan show its technical usage in administrative documents.

T – Tracing the Scriptures

First Appearance:
“When it was day, the magistrates sent the [ῥαβδούχους] officers, saying, ‘Let those men go.'” Acts 16:35

Additional References:
Acts 16:38

A – Analyzing Classical Usage

N – Noteworthy Summary

ῥαβδοῦχος illustrates the complex relationship between early Christianity and Roman authority. While representing earthly power, these officers ultimately served God’s purposes in the spread of the gospel. This proclaims the good news by showing how God works through all circumstances, even hostile authorities, to accomplish His plan of salvation.

D – Did You Know?

1. Lictors carried bundles of rods called fasces, which later became symbols of authority worldwide.
2. The number of lictors assigned indicated an official’s rank in Roman society.
3. Early Christian art sometimes depicted these officers in scenes of martyrdom.

Strong’s G4465: A compound noun identifying Roman lictors who carried the fasces and executed official sentences. Represents the intersection of Roman civil authority with early Christian ministry. Significant in understanding early church-state relations.

Part of speech: Noun (masculine)

Tags: lictor, Roman authority, civil officer, law enforcement, persecution, Paul, Philippi, Roman Empire, fasces, civil authority, justice system, government​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​