Brief Overview of πενθερός (Strong’s G3995: pentheros)

Strong’s G3995: A masculine noun meaning father-in-law. In NT appears specifically regarding Annas as father-in-law of Caiaphas, the high priest. Significant in showing family connections in Jewish religious hierarchy. Demonstrates importance of family relationships in historical and cultural contexts.

U- Unveiling the Word

Πενθερός represents the significant relationship of father-in-law, particularly notable in its NT usage describing the relationship between Annas and Caiaphas. This connection helped explain power dynamics in the Jewish religious establishment. Early church writers saw this relationship as significant in understanding Jesus’s trial. Today, it reminds us how family relationships can influence religious and social structures.

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N – Necessary Information

• Greek Word: πενθερός, pentheros, [pen-the-ROS]
• Detailed pronunciation: pen-theh-ROSS
• Part of Speech: Noun

Etymology:

• Related to Indo-European *bendh- (to bind)
• Forms masculine kinship term
• Base for feminine πενθερά
• Indicates marriage relationship

D – Defining Meanings

• Father-in-law
• Wife’s father
• Father by marriage

For compound words: Not applicable as this is a primary noun

Translation Options:

• Father-in-law – Standard translation
• Wife’s father – Specific relationship
• Father by marriage – Formal usage

E – Exploring Similar Words

• πενθερά [penthera, pen-the-RA] – mother-in-law
• γαμβρός [gambros, gam-BROS] – son-in-law
• κηδεστής [kēdestēs, kay-des-TAYS] – relative by marriage

R – Reviewing the Word’s Morphology

• Second Declension
• Masculine Gender
• Nominative: πενθερός
• Genitive: πενθεροῦ
• Dative: πενθερῷ
• Accusative: πενθερόν
• Cross-references: πενθερά (mother-in-law)

S – Studying Lexicon Insights

BDAG emphasizes legal relationship. Thayer’s notes cultural significance. LSJ traces development in family law. Vine’s highlights NT historical context. Moulton and Milligan show usage in legal documents.

T – Tracing the Scriptures

First appearance:
“And they led Him away to Annas first, for he was the father-in-law [πενθερός] of Caiaphas who was high priest that year.” (John 18:13)

Additional References:
No other biblical references

A – Analyzing Classical Usage

N – Noteworthy Summary

Πενθερός highlights how family relationships influenced Jesus’s trial and crucifixion. The connection between Annas and Caiaphas shows how human relationships can either oppose or support God’s purposes, reminding us that Christ’s gospel transforms all relationships.

D – Did You Know?

1. Important term in ancient marriage contracts
2. Key to understanding power structures in Jerusalem
3. Used in legal documents establishing family rights

Strong’s G3995: A masculine noun meaning father-in-law. In NT appears specifically regarding Annas as father-in-law of Caiaphas, the high priest. Significant in showing family connections in Jewish religious hierarchy. Demonstrates importance of family relationships in historical and cultural contexts.

Part of speech: Noun

Tags: #Family #Relationships #JewishLeadership #TrialOfJesus #Marriage #Annas #Caiaphas #HighPriesthood #FamilyTies #BiblicalHistory​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​