Brief Overview of παροργίζω (Strong’s G3949: parorgizō)

Strong’s G3949: A compound verb combining παρά (beside/beyond) with ὀργίζω (to anger), meaning “to provoke to anger, to exasperate.” Used in Romans 10:19 regarding God’s use of Gentiles to provoke Israel to jealousy and in Ephesians 6:4 warning fathers against provoking children to anger.

U- Unveiling the Word

παροργίζω describes intense provocation to anger or exasperation. In Romans, it appears in God’s sovereign plan to provoke Israel to jealousy through the Gentiles’ inclusion. In Ephesians, it warns against parental behavior that might cause children to become discouraged. The compound structure intensifies the basic concept of anger. Early church fathers used this term to discuss both divine providence and family relationships. Today, it informs understanding of both God’s redemptive purposes and healthy family dynamics.

N – Necessary Information

• Greek Word: παροργίζω, parorgizō, /par-or-GID-zo/
• Detailed pronunciation: par (as in ‘par’) + or + GID (stressed) + zo
• Part of Speech: Verb

Etymology:

• παρα- (para-): beside, beyond
• ὀργίζω (orgizō): to make angry
• -ω (-ō): verb ending

D – Defining Meanings

• To provoke to anger
• To exasperate
• To irritate intensely

For compound words:
παρα- intensifies ὀργίζω’s meaning of making angry, creating the sense of provoking beyond normal anger

Translation Options:

• “To provoke to anger” – emphasizes causative aspect
• “To exasperate” – captures emotional impact
• “To embitter” – stresses lasting effect

E – Exploring Similar Words

• ἐρεθίζω (erethizō) /er-eth-ID-zo/ – to provoke, more general
• παροξύνω (paroxynō) /par-ox-OO-no/ – to stimulate, can be positive
• θυμόω (thymoō) /thoo-MO-oh/ – to make angry, more basic

R – Reviewing the Word’s Morphology

As a verb, παροργίζω exhibits:

• Tense: Present, Future
• Voice: Active
• Mood: Indicative, Participle
• Person: 1st, 2nd, 3rd
• Number: Singular, Plural
• Aspect: Progressive

Examples:
παροργίζω (I provoke)
παροργιεῖ (will provoke)
παροργίζων (provoking)

S – Studying Lexicon Insights

BDAG emphasizes both divine and human contexts. Thayer’s notes its intensive force. LSJ documents usage for severe provocation. Vine’s highlights its application in family relationships. Moulton and Milligan note its emotional intensity.

T – Tracing the Scriptures

First appearance:
“Moses says, ‘I will [παροργίζω] make you jealous of those who are not a nation; with a foolish nation I will make you angry'” (Romans 10:19)

Additional References:
Ephesians 6:4

A – Analyzing Classical Usage

N – Noteworthy Summary

παροργίζω represents intense provocation to anger, used both in divine purposes regarding Israel and in warnings about human relationships, particularly parental guidance.

D – Did You Know?

• The term appears in contrasting contexts of divine plan and human warning
• It influenced early Christian teaching on family relationships
• The word was used in political contexts for public provocation

[Lexicon Summary]
A compound verb combining παρά (beside/beyond) with ὀργίζω (to anger), meaning “to provoke to anger, to exasperate.” Used in Romans 10:19 regarding God’s use of Gentiles to provoke Israel to jealousy and in Ephesians 6:4 warning fathers against provoking children to anger.

Part of speech: Verb

Tags: #verb #anger #provocation #romans #ephesians #parenting #compound_word #biblical_greek #new_testament #family​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​