G3804

Unveiling the Word

The Greek noun πάθημα (pathēma) translates to “suffering,” “affliction,” or “passion,” indicating a state of undergoing hardship or emotional pain. This term often encapsulates both physical and emotional distress, suggesting a deeper significance in contexts of suffering. In Romans 7:5, the word appears within discussions of human struggle against sin, highlighting how the passions of the flesh lead to a life of spiritual turmoil. The root of this word is tied to experiences that shape one’s existence, often portraying suffering as a transformative experience.

Necessary Information

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Greek Word: πάθημα, pronounced [PAH-thay-mah].

Etymology: The word derives from the root verb πάσχω (paschō), which means “to suffer” or “to experience.” The noun form emphasizes the resultant condition of having endured such experiences.

Part of Speech: πάθημα is a noun, typically used in the context of describing states or conditions related to suffering. It belongs to the third declension in Greek.

Defining Meanings

Suffering: The primary meaning of πάθημα refers to the act of experiencing pain or distress, whether physically or emotionally. This meaning is significant in theological discussions of human suffering and its implications.

Affliction: In addition to personal suffering, the term can also refer to broader afflictions affecting groups or communities, emphasizing the communal aspects of hardship.

Passion: In some contexts, πάθημα can signify the intense emotions that accompany suffering, particularly in religious narratives that discuss the passion of Christ and the suffering of believers.

Exploring Similar Words

πάσχω (paschō) [PAH-skho]: This verb means “to suffer” and relates closely to πάθημα as it describes the action of experiencing suffering, while πάθημα describes the resultant state or condition.

κακία (kakia) [kah-KEE-ah]: Meaning “evil” or “wickedness,” this word often describes the moral context in which suffering occurs, contrasting the nature of suffering with the actions that lead to it.

θλῖψις (thlipsis) [THLIP-sis]: This term translates to “tribulation” or “pressure,” often emphasizing the intensity of suffering, while πάθημα might encompass a broader range of emotional experiences.

Reviewing the Word’s Morphology

For Nouns:

• Case, Number, Gender: πάθημα is used primarily in the nominative case but can appear in genitive, dative, or accusative depending on the sentence structure. It can be singular or plural, with the singular being the most common form, and it is neuter in gender.

• Declension: As a third declension noun, πάθημα follows specific patterns in its endings depending on the grammatical case.

Studying Lexicon Insights

The term πάθημα appears frequently in both biblical and classical texts to describe various forms of suffering. Lexicons illustrate its significance in understanding the human condition, especially in a theological context where suffering is often linked to spiritual growth or trials. In the New Testament, it underscores the connection between personal suffering and communal experiences. The word’s usage reflects a deep philosophical exploration of pain and how it shapes the human experience, emphasizing the need for endurance and hope amidst trials.

This overview synthesizes insights from BDAG, Thayer’s, LSJ, Vine’s, Strong’s, LEH, and Moulton and Milligan.

Tracing Related Scriptures

Romans 7:5: “For when we were in the flesh, the motions of sins, which were by the law, did work in our members to bring forth fruit unto death.”

Romans 8:18: “For I reckon that the sufferings [πάθημα] of this present time are not worthy to be compared with the glory which shall be revealed in us.”

2 Corinthians 1:5: “For as the sufferings [πάθημα] of Christ abound in us, so our consolation also aboundeth by Christ.”

Analyzing Classical Usage

Example 1: Sophocles, Oedipus Rex: “The suffering [πάθημα] of Oedipus became a lesson for all, showcasing the fragility of human existence.”

Example 2: Euripides, The Bacchae: “The painful affliction [πάθημα] of Dionysus led to both madness and enlightenment.”

Example 3: Aristotle, Poetics: “Tragedy invokes pity and fear, leading to catharsis through shared suffering [πάθημα].”

Septuagint Example 1: Psalms 31:10: “For my life is spent with grief, and my years with sighing: my strength faileth because of mine iniquity, and my bones are consumed.”

Septuagint Example 2: Isaiah 53:4: “Surely he hath borne our griefs, and carried our sorrows [πάθημα]: yet we did esteem him stricken, smitten of God, and afflicted.”

Septuagint Example 3: Job 5:17: “Behold, happy is the man whom God correcteth: therefore despise not thou the chastening of the Almighty.”

Noteworthy Summary

The word πάθημα (pathēma) encapsulates the multifaceted experiences of suffering and affliction in both physical and emotional realms, emphasizing its profound impact on the human experience and spiritual journey.

Did You Know?

1. The term appears in various contexts throughout the New Testament, often linked to discussions of sin and redemption.

2. In philosophical discussions, suffering is seen as essential for personal growth and understanding.

3. The concept of “passion” in the Christian tradition, particularly in reference to Christ’s suffering, is rooted in the meanings of πάθημα.

Strong’s G3804: πάθημα (pathēma) denotes “suffering,” representing both personal and collective hardships, emphasizing its role in spiritual growth and the human condition.