The Greek adjective ἀναπολόγητος (anapologētos) means “without excuse” or “unable to give a defense.” It is derived from the prefix ἀνά (ana), meaning “without” or “not,” and the root λόγος (logos), meaning “speech” or “reason.” The term describes a state where one has no valid justification or explanation for their actions or beliefs.

Detailed Overview

According to Strong’s Concordance, ἀναπολόγητος (G379) is used in Romans 1:20 to indicate a condition where individuals are “without excuse” for not acknowledging God’s attributes and divine nature. The term underscores the idea that such individuals cannot offer a valid defense or justification for their lack of faith.

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The Bauer-Danker-Arndt-Gingrich (BDAG) Greek-English Lexicon expands on this by explaining that ἀναπολόγητος denotes a lack of any plausible excuse or defense. It implies that a person is in a position where they cannot reasonably defend their actions or beliefs because the evidence or circumstances are overwhelmingly clear.

The Liddell-Scott-Jones (LSJ) Greek-English Lexicon also supports this understanding, noting that ἀναπολόγητος refers to someone who is “without defense” or “unable to justify” themselves. This includes contexts where one is unable to provide a reasonable explanation or excuse for their behavior or position.

In summary, ἀναπολόγητος refers to a state of being without excuse or unable to provide a defense. This interpretation is corroborated by Strong’s Concordance, BDAG, and LSJ, each of which provides insight into the term’s use in biblical and classical Greek contexts.