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Unveiling the Word

Understanding Greek words is essential for Biblical studies as it provides insights into the original context and meaning of the Scriptures. The term ὀρύσσω (oryssō) appears in Matthew 21:33 and translates to “to dig.” This word is particularly significant as it conveys actions of preparation and labor, which can have both literal and metaphorical implications in biblical narratives. Recognizing its importance can deepen our understanding of parables and teachings within the New Testament, as well as enhance our grasp of ancient Greek culture where physical labor, agriculture, and land management were vital components of life.

Necessary Information

Greek Word: ὀρύσσω, transliterated as oryssō [or-ISS-oh]

Etymology: The term ὀρύσσω derives from the root word ὄρυξ (oryx), which means “a pit” or “a ditch.” This connection highlights the action of creating a hole or excavation.

Part of Speech: Verb; specifically, it is a transitive verb, as it requires a direct object.

The F.O.G Word Choice: Coming Soon.

Defining Meanings

To Dig: The primary meaning of ὀρύσσω is to dig or excavate. This action often refers to physically digging into the earth, such as preparing land for planting or searching for something buried.

To Hollow Out: A secondary meaning includes hollowing out a space or creating a cavity. This could be relevant in various contexts, from agricultural practices to constructing shelters.

Metaphorical Use: In a metaphorical sense, ὀρύσσω can imply digging deeper into a subject or idea, representing thorough investigation or exploration, particularly in theological discussions.

Exploring Similar Words

κατασκάπτω (kataskaptō) [ka-ta-SKAP-to]: This word means “to dig down” or “to excavate.” It differs from ὀρύσσω in that it emphasizes the depth of the digging rather than the act itself.

ἐκσκάπτω (ekskaptō) [ek-SKAP-to]: Meaning “to dig out” or “to excavate out,” this term focuses more on the removal aspect of the digging process, while ὀρύσσω may refer to the act of digging itself without specifying the outcome.

τρυπάω (trupaō) [trup-AH-oh]: This verb means “to pierce” or “to perforate.” While it can relate to digging, it emphasizes making a hole rather than the action of digging into the earth.

Reviewing the Word’s Morphology

Tense, Voice, Mood:

• The verb ὀρύσσω can be used in various tenses, including present, aorist, and perfect.

• Voice: Active voice indicates the subject performs the action (e.g., “I dig”).

• Mood: Primarily used in the indicative mood, but can also appear in imperative forms.

Person and Number: The verb conjugates in different persons and numbers:

• 1st Person Singular: ὀρύσσω (I dig)

• 2nd Person Singular: ὀρύσσεις (you dig)

• 3rd Person Singular: ὀρύσσει (he/she/it digs)

• 1st Person Plural: ὀρύσσομεν (we dig)

Aspect: The verb aspect can be imperfective (ongoing action) or perfective (completed action), affecting how the action is perceived.

Click here for a beginners guide to reading Greek.

Studying Lexicon Insights

Various lexicons provide a unified understanding of ὀρύσσω, focusing on its literal and metaphorical meanings. BDAG emphasizes its agricultural context, while Thayer’s notes its significance in parables, especially where land cultivation is metaphorically linked to spiritual growth. LSJ points to its classical uses, often in agricultural and construction contexts, while Vine’s highlights its theological implications. Overall, this word represents both a physical action and a deeper metaphorical exploration in the biblical text.

This overview synthesizes insights from BDAG, Thayer’s, LSJ, Vine’s, Strong’s, LEH, and Moulton and Milligan.

Tracing Related Scriptures

• Matthew 21:33: “Hear another parable: There was a certain landowner who planted a vineyard and set a hedge around it, dug (ὀρύσσω) a winepress in it, and built a tower.”

• Luke 14:19: “Another said, ‘I have bought five yoke of oxen, and I am going to test them. I ask you to have me excused.’”

• John 4:38: “I sent you to reap that for which you have not labored; others have labored, and you have entered into their labors.”

• Matthew 25:18: “But he who had received one went and dug (ὀρύσσω) in the ground, and hid his lord’s money.”

• Acts 17:26: “And He has made from one blood every nation of men to dwell on all the face of the earth, and has determined their preappointed times and the boundaries (ὁρμὴ) of their dwellings.”

Analyzing Classical Usage

Author Name of Work English Text with the Greek Word

Homer Iliad “He dug (ὀρύσσω) a trench to mark the boundaries.”

Xenophon Anabasis “They dug (ὀρύσσω) wells for water along the path.”

Thucydides History “They excavated (ὀρύσσω) to find hidden treasures.”

Noteworthy Summary

In summary, ὀρύσσω (oryssō) signifies the act of digging, which has both literal and metaphorical meanings in biblical texts. Its usage in the New Testament emphasizes physical labor and spiritual exploration, contributing to a rich understanding of the parables and teachings of Jesus.

Did You Know?

Historical Context: Digging was a common practice in ancient agricultural societies, not only for planting but also for finding water sources.

Spiritual Metaphor: The act of digging in the Bible often symbolizes effort in understanding or nurturing one’s faith.

Language Connection: The Greek verb has influenced modern languages, where similar terms for digging or excavation exist in various European languages.