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Unveiling the Word

Understanding Greek words is crucial for interpreting the New Testament accurately, as the original language often encapsulates meanings and nuances that can be overlooked in translation. The term ὁποῖος (h opoios) is particularly significant because it provides insight into the nature and quality of individuals or things. Found in Luke 6:3, this word emphasizes Jesus’ teaching about the purpose and intent behind actions, particularly in a Jewish context. By examining this term, we can gain a deeper understanding of how early Christians articulated their beliefs, reflected on identity, and engaged with their surrounding culture.

Necessary Information

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Greek Word

Greek Word: ὁποῖος (h opoios)

Pronunciation: ho-POY-os

Etymology

The term ὁποῖος is a combination of ὅς (hos), meaning “who,” and ποῖος (poios), meaning “of what kind.” Together, they form a word that queries the nature or quality of something, indicating a focus on characteristics or attributes.

Part of Speech

Part of Speech: Adjective. ὁποῖος functions primarily as a descriptive term in questions or statements regarding the kind or quality of a subject.

Defining Meanings

Meaning 1

Of what sort: The primary meaning of ὁποῖος is to inquire about the kind or type of a person or thing. This usage is common in both philosophical and everyday contexts.

Meaning 2

Which kind: This term can also indicate a selection among various types, similar to asking “which kind” in English, thus emphasizing choices and distinctions.

Meaning 3

As … as: In some contexts, ὁποῖος can express a comparative quality, linking the nature of one thing with another, often used in discussions about identity or moral character.

Exploring Similar Words

ποιός (poios) [POY-os]

This word means “of what kind” as well but is generally used for direct inquiries about the quality or state of an object or person. It may lack the broader implications found in ὁποῖος.

ὅσος (hosos) [HO-sos]

Meaning “how much” or “how many,” this word differs in that it focuses on quantity rather than quality or type, providing a different dimension to questions and discussions.

ποῖος (poios) [POY-os]

Another variant, which emphasizes the nature or quality of something but can sometimes be used in a broader context than ὁποῖος.

Reviewing the Word’s Morphology

Nouns/Adjectives

• Case, Number, Gender: ὁποῖος is a masculine adjective that can take different cases (nominative, genitive, dative, accusative) depending on the noun it modifies.

• For example:

• Nominative: ὁποῖος (who, of what sort)

• Genitive: ὁποίου (of what sort)

• Dative: ὁποίῳ (to/for what sort)

• Accusative: ὁποῖον (what sort)

Declension

As a second declension adjective, it follows typical patterns of change in its endings according to case and number.

Click here for a beginners guide to reading Greek.

Studying Lexicon Insights

Various Greek lexicons recognize ὁποῖος for its role in philosophical discourse, particularly in defining the nature of individuals and objects. The New Testament usage reflects the early Christians’ effort to articulate their beliefs in contrast to surrounding cultures. Theological discussions often hinge on understanding character, making ὁποῖος a critical term in discerning moral and spiritual qualities.

This overview synthesizes insights from BDAG, Thayer’s, LSJ, Vine’s, Strong’s, LEH, and Moulton and Milligan.

Tracing Related Scriptures

1. Luke 6:3: “And Jesus answering them said, Have ye not read so much as this, what David did, when himself was an hungred, and they which were with him?”

• This passage shows the quality of David’s actions as understood by Jesus.

2. Matthew 11:29: “Take my yoke upon you, and learn of me; for I am meek and lowly in heart: and ye shall find rest unto your souls.”

• Jesus invites his followers to understand the kind of leader he is.

3. 1 Corinthians 15:10: “But by the grace of God I am what I am: and his grace which was bestowed upon me was not in vain; but I laboured more abundantly than they all: yet not I, but the grace of God which was with me.”

• This reflects on Paul’s identity and the nature of his mission.

Analyzing Classical Usage

Author Name of Work English Text

Plato Republic “What kind of man [ὁποῖος] would govern the state?”

Aristotle Nicomachean Ethics “What sort of virtue [ὁποῖος] leads to true happiness?”

Sophocles Oedipus Rex “What kind of fate [ὁποῖος] awaits the proud?”

Septuagint Genesis 18:2 “He lifted up his eyes and looked, and lo, three men stood by him: and when he saw them, he ran to meet them from the tent door, and bowed himself toward the ground.” (noting the qualitative observation).

Septuagint Proverbs 22:1 “A good name is rather to be chosen than great riches, and loving favor rather than silver and gold.” (emphasizing the quality of a good name).

Septuagint Isaiah 28:19 “From the hand of a man of violence, of what sort shall you be?”

Noteworthy Summary

The term ὁποῖος plays a pivotal role in discussions about identity and character in both philosophical and theological contexts. Through its various uses, it invites deeper reflection on what it means to embody the teachings of Jesus and live a life reflective of faith.

Did You Know?

• ὁποῖος can be used in both questioning and affirming contexts, making it versatile in discourse.

• The word emphasizes not just the external qualities of a person but also their moral and spiritual nature.

• Its presence in both the New Testament and classical literature showcases the continuity of Greek thought across genres and time periods.