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Unveiling the Word

Understanding Greek words is vital in biblical studies, as they often encapsulate complex ideas that illuminate the text. The term ὀνομάζω, found in Luke 6:13, is particularly significant in discussing identity and the importance of naming in the New Testament. The act of naming carries profound implications, often reflecting authority, relationship, and purpose. In the context of the New Testament, Jesus’ naming of his disciples reveals not only their roles but also their identity as followers of Christ. Exploring ὀνομάζω helps us understand how names and identities are interwoven in both biblical narrative and ancient Greek culture.

Necessary Information

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Greek Word: ὀνομάζω (onomazō)

Pronunciation Guide: on-om-AH-zo

Etymology: The term ὀνομάζω comes from the root word ὄνομα (onoma), meaning “name.” The suffix -άζω (-azō) typically indicates a verb form, suggesting the action of naming or calling someone by name. This etymology emphasizes the significance of names in establishing identity and function within a community.

Part of Speech: Verb. As a verb, ὀνομάζω describes the action of giving a name, which can also imply designating a role or function in various contexts.

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Defining Meanings

Meaning 1: To name. This primary meaning emphasizes the act of giving a name to someone or something, highlighting the importance of identification.

Meaning 2: To call. In this sense, ὀνομάζω can refer to the act of calling someone by name, signifying personal recognition and the establishment of a relationship.

Meaning 3: To designate or appoint. This meaning conveys a sense of authority and intention behind naming, often implying that the name carries with it a specific role or purpose.

Exploring Similar Words

ὄνομα (onoma) : This noun means “name” and serves as the root of ὀνομάζω. While ὄνομα refers to the name itself, ὀνομάζω focuses on the action of naming.

καλέω (kalēō) : Meaning “to call,” this verb can signify the act of summoning or inviting someone. While similar to ὀνομάζω in that it involves recognition, it does not specifically refer to the naming process.

ἀντίποινος (antipoinos) : This term means “to give in return” and is different from ὀνομάζω, which focuses solely on the act of naming rather than the reciprocity of relationships.

Reviewing the Word’s Morphology

Tense, Voice, Mood: ὀνομάζω primarily appears in the present tense, active voice, indicative mood. The present tense suggests ongoing action, which can reflect the continual process of naming or identifying.

Person and Number: The verb is conjugated in various persons and numbers. For example, in the first person singular present indicative, it would be “ὀνομάζω” (I name), while in the third person singular it would be “ὀνομάζει” (he/she/it names).

Aspect: The imperfective aspect of ὀνομάζω indicates that the action is not completed and emphasizes the ongoing process of naming.

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Studying Lexicon Insights

The term ὀνομάζω appears in Luke 6:13 during a passage where Jesus names his twelve apostles. This act of naming is not merely a formality; it signifies the establishment of their identities and roles within the early Christian community. The naming of the apostles also reflects their call to leadership and service, as each name carries significance in relation to the mission of spreading the Gospel.

In the New Testament context, names hold theological importance. They often reflect the character and destiny of the individuals. For example, Simon is called Peter (meaning “rock”) to signify his foundational role in the church. The act of naming thus carries connotations of authority, identity, and divine purpose.

This overview synthesizes insights from BDAG, Thayer’s, LSJ, Vine’s, Strong’s, LEH, and Moulton and Milligan.

Tracing Related Scriptures

Luke 6:13: “And when day came, he called his disciples and chose from them twelve, whom he named [ὀνομάζω] apostles.”

This verse emphasizes the importance of naming in establishing the apostles’ roles.

Matthew 1:21: “She will bear a son, and you shall call his name [ὄνομα] Jesus, for he will save his people from their sins.”

This verse underscores the significance of Jesus’ name and mission.

John 10:3: “To him the gatekeeper opens. The sheep hear his voice, and he calls [καλέω] his own sheep by name [ὄνομα] and leads them out.”

This verse reflects the personal aspect of naming and the relationship between the shepherd and the sheep.

Analyzing Classical Usage

Author Name of Work English Text

Plato The Republic “The philosopher must know the names [ὄνομα] of all things, for in knowing names, he understands the essence.”

Aristotle Poetics “Names [ὄνομα] are significant for they reveal the identity of the characters.”

Herodotus Histories “The names [ὄνομα] of the kings are chronicled to ensure their legacies endure.”

Septuagint Genesis 2:19 “The Lord God formed every beast of the field and every bird of the air, and brought them to Adam to see what he would call [ὀνομάζω] them.”

Septuagint Exodus 3:15 “And God said to Moses, ‘Say to the people of Israel, “I AM has sent me to you.” This is my name [ὄνομα] forever.’”

Septuagint Isaiah 43:7 “Everyone who is called by my name [ὄνομα], whom I created for my glory, whom I formed and made.”

Noteworthy Summary

The Greek word ὀνομάζω is essential in understanding the relational and theological dimensions of naming in the New Testament. Its appearance in Luke 6:13 illustrates how names can signify identity and authority, particularly in the context of Jesus calling and appointing his apostles. By exploring its meanings, morphology, and classical contexts, we gain insights into the significance of names in biblical narrative and their enduring implications for identity and purpose within the Christian community.

Did You Know?

• The act of naming in the ancient world was often seen as an expression of authority, with significant cultural implications for identity and social status.

• In biblical literature, names often carry prophetic meanings, indicating the future roles or destinies of individuals, as seen in the naming of Jesus.

• The importance of names is reflected in many cultures, illustrating how identity is intimately connected to one’s name and the meanings associated with it.