G3500

Unveiling the Word

In Biblical studies, the Greek word νεκρόω (nekroō) is significant for understanding key theological and cultural concepts regarding death and life. Found in Romans 4:19, it refers to a state of being dead or lifeless, whether physically or metaphorically. This term provides insight into how biblical writers understood the power of faith, especially in overcoming the obstacles of physical limitations, such as old age or barrenness. In a broader cultural sense, nekroō has connections with ancient Greek views on death, vitality, and the decline of natural functions, thus enhancing its relevance for both the New Testament and ancient Greek literature.

Necessary Information

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Greek Word: νεκρόω (nekroō), pronounced neh-KROH-oh.

Etymology: Derived from the root nekros (G3498), meaning “dead,” nekroō signifies the action or state of causing something to become dead, lifeless, or ineffective. The root nekros is fundamental to several Greek terms related to death and inactivity.

Part of Speech: Noun. Nekroō refers to an action or a state of death or deadness. In the context of Romans 4:19, the term emphasizes the concept of a body or function being “as good as dead” or no longer vital.

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Defining Meanings

1. Physical Death or Lifelessness: In Romans 4:19, nekroō is used to describe Abraham’s body as being “as good as dead,” emphasizing the physical decline associated with old age. It captures the lack of vitality or life force in a literal sense.

2. Metaphorical Weakening or Deadening: In other contexts, nekroō can signify a metaphorical death, such as the numbing or deadening of emotions, moral strength, or effectiveness. It can describe a spiritual or moral deadening, where faculties are no longer responsive or active.

3. Spiritual Decline or Deadness: Often used in theological contexts, nekroō can symbolize the deadening of one’s spiritual life or relationship with God, thus highlighting the importance of revival and transformation in Christian teachings.

Exploring Similar Words

1. θανάτος (thanatos) [pronunciation: THA-nah-tos]: Refers to death as an event or state, while nekroō emphasizes the process or result of deadening or becoming lifeless.

2. ἀποθνῄσκω (apothnēskō) [pronunciation: ah-poth-NAY-sko]: This verb refers more to the act of dying, whereas nekroō focuses on the state after something is rendered ineffective or dead.

3. πτωμα (ptōma) [pronunciation: PTOH-mah]: A noun meaning “corpse” or “dead body,” differing from nekroō, which refers to a more abstract state of deadness or lifelessness.

Reviewing the Word’s Morphology

For Nouns/Adjectives:

• Case, Number, Gender: As a noun, nekroō would follow standard Greek declension patterns. It appears in the nominative case in Romans 4:19, referring to Abraham’s physical condition.

• Declension: As a second declension noun, nekroō is a masculine word and follows the standard endings for this declension in its various cases.

For Verbs:

• Tense, Voice, Mood: In Romans 4:19, nekroō appears in the aorist tense, passive voice, indicating an action performed upon Abraham’s body (his body being rendered lifeless or ineffective).

Tense Voice Form

Present Active νεκρόω

Aorist Passive νεκρώθην

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Studying Lexicon Insights

The lexicons offer rich insights into nekroō. BDAG and Thayer’s emphasize its metaphorical uses, especially in Christian theology where it conveys the weakening or deadening of sinful behaviors (Colossians 3:5). LSJ notes its classical usage to refer to the state of death or lifelessness. Strong’s lexicon highlights the literal sense of “rendering lifeless.” Theological discussions point to its role in spiritual growth, where death to sin is seen as a necessary part of Christian transformation.

This overview synthesizes insights from BDAG, Thayer’s, LSJ, Vine’s, Strong’s, LEH, and Moulton and Milligan.

Tracing Related Scriptures

1. Romans 4:19 – “Without weakening in his faith, he faced the fact that his body was as good as dead [νεκρωθέντα].”

2. Colossians 3:5 – “Put to death [νεκρώσατε], therefore, whatever belongs to your earthly nature: sexual immorality, impurity, lust, evil desires, and greed.”

3. Hebrews 11:12 – “Therefore from one man, and him as good as dead [νέκρωσις], were born descendants.”

Analyzing Classical Usage

In classical Greek, nekroō was often used to describe things rendered lifeless or powerless, including political entities or inanimate objects. Here’s a glimpse of its usage in classical texts:

Author Name of Work Text with νεκρόω

Plato Republic “The law was deadened [νεκρωθεῖσα].”

Homer Odyssey “The city lay dead [νεκρωθεῖσα].”

Herodotus Histories “His arm was struck and rendered dead [νεκρωθέν].”

Noteworthy Summary

The Greek word νεκρόω (G3500) encapsulates a powerful theological concept of “rendering lifeless” or “deadened,” both physically and metaphorically. Romans 4:19 uses it to describe Abraham’s physical decline, but it also appears in other New Testament contexts to represent the need to “put to death” sinful behaviors. This term, rooted in the broader Greek cultural view of death and vitality, enhances the understanding of Christian spiritual life and transformation.

Did You Know?

1. The term nekroō shares the same root as the modern medical term “necrosis,” which refers to the death of body tissue.

2. The concept of deadening one’s sinful nature in Christian theology originates from passages like Colossians 3:5, where nekroō is used metaphorically.

3. The passive voice of nekroō is used frequently to depict divine action on a believer, signifying transformation by God’s power.