G3472

Unveiling the Word

In biblical studies, understanding Greek words like μωρία (mōría) is crucial because they carry rich, multi-layered meanings that often differ from modern translations. The word mōría is particularly significant because it is used by Paul in his first letter to the Corinthians to describe the “foolishness” of the gospel message in contrast to worldly wisdom. In 1 Corinthians 1:18, Paul contrasts the divine wisdom found in the message of the cross with what human beings perceive as foolishness. Exploring mōría deepens our understanding of how early Christians navigated a world that considered their beliefs irrational or absurd, emphasizing the upside-down nature of God’s wisdom in the New Testament.

Necessary Information

Greek Word: μωρία (mōría), pronounced mo-REE-ah.

Etymology: Derived from the root word μωρός (mōrós), which means “foolish” or “stupid.” The concept of foolishness in Greek, especially in philosophical discussions, often revolved around the lack of wisdom or understanding, something perceived as useless or lacking value.

Part of Speech: Noun, feminine. It describes the state or condition of foolishness, absurdity, or lack of understanding.

The F.O.G Word Choice: Coming Soon.

Defining Meanings

1. Foolishness or Absurdity: The primary meaning of mōría is “foolishness” or “absurdity.” In 1 Corinthians 1:18, Paul uses it to describe how the message of the cross is perceived by those who do not believe. What seems irrational or absurd to human wisdom is actually the profound wisdom of God.

2. Lack of Understanding or Wisdom: In a broader sense, mōría can refer to a deficiency in understanding or intelligence. It is used to contrast divine wisdom with human folly, where human wisdom, when disconnected from God, is seen as foolishness.

3. Foolish Behavior or Actions: Another layer of meaning includes foolish behavior or actions. This connotation emphasizes the visible consequences of someone living without wisdom or divine understanding.

Exploring Similar Words

1. μῶρος (mōrós) [pronunciation: MOH-ros]: Refers to a person who is foolish, senseless, or lacking understanding. It shares the same root as mōría and is often used in moral contexts to describe those without spiritual insight.

2. ἄνοια (ánoia) [pronunciation: AH-noy-ah]: Means “folly” or “thoughtlessness.” While related to mōría, it emphasizes a lack of mental insight or wisdom, rather than moral or spiritual foolishness.

3. ἀφροσύνη (aphrosýnē) [pronunciation: ah-fro-SOO-nay]: This word, meaning “folly” or “lack of sense,” is used in both moral and intellectual contexts. It contrasts with mōría by focusing more on the inability to make sound judgments.

Reviewing the Word’s Morphology

Case, Number, Gender:

• As a noun, mōría appears in various cases to fulfill different grammatical functions in Greek. It is feminine in gender and can be singular or plural depending on the context.

Declension:

• It follows the first declension for Greek nouns, typically ending in -α for the nominative singular.

Case Singular Plural

Nominative μωρία μωρίαι

Genitive μωρίας μωριῶν

Dative μωρίᾳ μωρίαις

Accusative μωρίαν μωρίας

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Studying Lexicon Insights

According to various Greek lexicons, mōría is consistently associated with the concept of foolishness, particularly in moral and spiritual contexts. In 1 Corinthians 1:18, it stands in stark contrast to divine wisdom, as Paul argues that what humans perceive as foolish (the message of the cross) is actually the pinnacle of God’s wisdom. This paradox is central to Paul’s theology, and mōría is key to understanding how early Christians redefined wisdom and folly in light of Jesus’ teachings.

In classical Greek contexts, mōría was often used in philosophical writings to describe ignorance or lack of philosophical insight. In the New Testament, it highlights the inversion of worldly values in favor of divine truth.

This overview synthesizes insights from BDAG, Thayer’s, LSJ, Vine’s, Strong’s, LEH, and Moulton and Milligan.

Tracing Related Scriptures

1. 1 Corinthians 1:18 – “For the message of the cross is foolishness [μωρία] to those who are perishing, but to us who are being saved it is the power of God.”

2. 1 Corinthians 1:21 – “For since in the wisdom of God the world through wisdom did not know God, it pleased God through the foolishness [μωρίας] of the message preached to save those who believe.”

3. 1 Corinthians 3:19 – “For the wisdom of this world is foolishness [μωρία] with God.”

Analyzing Classical Usage

Author Name of Work Greek Usage in Text

Plato Republic “The ways of fools [μωρία] are far from wisdom.”

Aristotle Nicomachean Ethics “Foolishness [μωρία] arises when wisdom is disregarded.”

Septuagint Psalm 14:1 “The fool [μωρός] says in his heart, ‘There is no God.’”

Noteworthy Summary

The Greek noun μωρία (mōría) signifies “foolishness” and plays a critical role in Paul’s contrast between divine and human wisdom. It highlights the paradoxical nature of the gospel message, which seems irrational to the unbelieving world but is, in fact, the power of God for salvation. This term emphasizes the reversal of worldly values in Christian theology, showing that true wisdom is found in Christ alone.

Did You Know?

1. The word mōría was commonly used in Greek philosophy to describe intellectual folly, but Paul redefines it in spiritual terms.

2. The same root, mōros, is used by Jesus in the Sermon on the Mount to describe a “foolish” person who builds their house on the sand (Matthew 7:26).

3. In classical Greek, foolishness was often associated with moral failure, not just intellectual error.